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WH Ch. 14
WH Ch. 14 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| simony | the selling or buying of a position in a Christian church |
| Gothic | relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires |
| Urban II | Pope who called for what he termed a "holy war" |
| Crusade | one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| Saladin | Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader that took over Jerusalem |
| Richard the Lion-Hearted | one of Europe's most three powerful monarchs; an English king; lead the Third Crusade |
| Reconquista | the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492 |
| Inquisition | a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy-especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s |
| three-field system | a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring rop, and left unplanted |
| guild | a medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices |
| Commercial Revolution | the expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries |
| burgher | a medieval merchant-class town dweller |
| vernacular | the everyday language of people in a region or country |
| Thomas Aquinas | scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument |
| scholastics | scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European universities |
| William the Conqueror | duke of Normandy |
| Henry II | English king who married Eleanor of Aquitaine from France |
| common law | a unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries today, including the United States |
| Magna Carta | "Great Charter" - a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in AD 1215 |
| parliament | a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation |
| Hugh Capet | an undistinguished duke from the middle of France that succeeded Louis the Sluggard |
| Philip II | one of the most powerful Capetians |
| Estates-General | an assembly or representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France |
| Avignon | city in Rome where the Pope moved |
| Great Schism | a division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome |
| John Wycliffe | preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the Church |
| Jan Hus | influenced by Wycliffe's writings; a professor in Bohemia who taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope |
| bubonic plague | a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people |
| Hundred Years' War | war that Edward III launched that continued on and off from 1337 to 1453; a conflict in which England and France battled on French soil |
| Joan of Arc | a teenage French peasant girl who felt moved by God to rescue France from its English conquerors |
Created by:
mjnlewis
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