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Med Term HOSA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Caus/o | burning sensation |
| Cephal/o | head |
| Concuss/o | shaken together |
| Contus/o | bruise |
| Electr/o | electrical |
| Encephal/o or Cerebr/o | brain |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | fluid that cushions and nourishes the brain and spinal cord |
| Hydr/o | water |
| Esthet/o | feeling |
| Klept/o | to steal |
| Mening/o | meninges (brain covering) |
| Myel/o | spinal cord |
| Neur/o | nerve |
| Myelin Sheath | protective covering of the neuron |
| Neurotransmitter | a chemical substance that transmits messages between nerve cells |
| Psych/o | mind |
| -algia | pain |
| -cele | hernia |
| -esthesia | sensation/feeling |
| -graphy | process of recording an image |
| -mania | madness |
| -phobia | abnormal fear |
| A or An- | without |
| Par- | abnormal |
| Carotid Ultrasonography | process of using sound to take a 3D picture of the carotid arteries to determine blood flow and plaque build-up |
| Echoencephalography | process of using sound to take a 2D picture of the brain structures |
| Electroencephalography | process of recording electrical activity within the brain (through the use of electrodes on the scalp) |
| Myelography | process of taking a picture of the spinal cord |
| Anesthesia | the absence of sensation/feeling (especially pain) |
| General Anesthesia | affects the brain and entire body |
| Regional Anesthesia | affects the area around major nerves (larger |
| Local Anesthesia | directly affects the surgical site |
| Anesthetic | the medication used to induce anesthesia |
| Epidural Anesthesia | regional anesthetic that is injected into the epidural space of the spine (Ex: child delivery) |
| Anesthesiologist | physician who specializes in administering anesthetics before surgery |
| Anesthetist | specialist (a RN; not a physician) in administering anesthetics |
| Neurologist | physician who specializes in the diagnosing/treating diseases of the nervous system |
| Neurosurgeon | physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system |
| Stroke | damage that occurs to the brain when blood flow is disrupted |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | a type of stroke that occurs from a bleed |
| Ischemic Stroke | a type of stroke that occurs when the blood flow is blocked |
| Concussion | the violent shaking up of the brain (that may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function) |
| Cerebral Contusion | bruising of the brain tissue |
| Cerebral Hematoma | a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain |
| Syncope | fainting |
| Lethargy | lowered level of consciousness (drowsiness/apathy/reduced activity) |
| Coma | a deep state of unconsciousness with the absence of spontaneous eye movement/speech/response to pain |
| Epilepsy | seizure disorder (sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain) |
| Dementia | progressive decline in mental abilities (memory/thinking/judgment) |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | progressive deterioration of the brain structures that affect thought/memory |
| Parkinson’s Disease | progressive loss of control over muscle movements (tremors/bradykinesia/shuffling gait) |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) | nerve cells deteriorate and cannot send impulses to the muscles which results in progressive muscle weakness and eventual paralysis (also called Lou Gehrig’s Disease) |
| Bell’s Palsy | temporary paralysis of one of the 7th cranial nerves (affects one side of the face) |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves that can lead to temporary paralysis (autoimmune reaction to viral infection) |
| Multiple Sclerosis | autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination which disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses |
| Sciatica | inflammation of the nerve that results in pain in the thigh/leg |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia | lightning-like pain from inflammation of one of the 5th cranial nerves (affects one side of the face) |
| Causalgia | burning pain (usually a result of injury to a sensory nerve) |
| Hyperesthesia | condition of excessive sensation (sensitivity to touch/pain) |
| Paresthesia | abnormal sensation (burning/prickling) |
| Psychiatrist | physician who specializes in diagnosing/treating chemical dependency/emotional problems/mental illness |
| Psychologist | specialist (not a physician) who evaluates and treats emotional problems |
| Autism | spectrum of disorders in which an individual cannot develop normal social relationships |
| Dyslexia | learning disability in which the brain cannot process symbols (reading disorder) |
| Insomnia | prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep |
| Narcolepsy | disorder with sudden/uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day |
| Acrophobia | abnormal fear of (being on) top (high places) |
| Claustrophobia | abnormal fear of barriers (enclosed spaces) |
| Panic Attack | intense emotional feelings (fear/terror) with physical symptoms |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | characterized by recurrent/unwanted obsessions and compulsions (impulses to act) |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | symptoms of anxiety/sleep disorders/difficulty concentrating/emotional disturbances that may develop after a traumatic event |
| Anxiolytic | medication that relieves anxiety and reduces tension (also known as an antianxiety or tranquilizer) |
| Kleptomania | madness to steal |
| Pyromania | madness with (setting) fires |
| Trichotillomania | madness related to hair (pulling) |
| Factitious disorder | condition in which an individual acts as if he/she has a physical illness when he/she is not really sick. This may include self-inflicted symptoms |
| Hypochondriasis | fear that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation |
| Delusion | a false personal belief |
| Hallucination | sensory perception (sight/touch/sound/smell/taste) experienced without actual stimulation |
| Schizophrenia | characterized by withdrawal from reality and disorganized thinking (with delusions and hallucinations) |
| Antipsychotics | medication that works against the mind |
| AD | Alzheimer's Diesease |
| ALS | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| ADHA | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| CP | Cerebral Palsy |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| ECG | Electroencephalgraphy |
| EPAN | Epidural anesthesia |
| ICP | Intercranial Pressure |
| LOC | Level of Consciousness |
| MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
| OCD | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder |
| Cyst/o | bladder (Function: stores urine) |
| Glomerul/o | glomeruli (Function: filtering unit of the kidneys) |
| Hemat/o (Hem/o) | blood |
| Lith/o | stone or calculus |
| Nephr/o | kidney (Function: filter waste products from the blood and control blood volume) |
| Olig/o | scanty |
| Py/o | pus |
| Pyel/o | renal pelvis (Function: collects urine that is filtered from the glomeruli) |
| Ureter/o | ureter (Function: transports urine from the kidney to the bladder) |
| Urethr/o | urethra (Function: transports urine from the bladder to be excreted out of the body) |
| Ur/o or Urin/o | urine (Function: liquid waste product that contains urea) |
| -cele | hernia or protrusion |
| -ectasis | stretching |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -gram | record /picture |
| -graphy | process of recording/producing a picture/record |
| -lysis | freeing/loosening |
| -pathy | disease |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -ptosis | droop or prolapsed |
| -rrhagia | excessive or sudden flow (bleeding) |
| -rrhaphy | surgical suturing |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| -tripsy | to crush |
| -uria | urination |
| A- or An- | without/absence |
| Dys- | bad/difficult/painful |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Hypo- | below/deficient/decreased |
| Poly- | many |
| Nephrologist | specialist in diseases/disorders of the kidneys |
| Urologist | specialist in diseases/disorders of the urinary system in females and the genitourinary system in males |
| Cystoscopy | visual examination of the bladder |
| Catheterization | the insertion of a tube into the bladder through the urethra to remove urine |
| Intravenous Pyelogram | picture or record of the kidney(s) and ureter(s) using IV contrast |
| Voiding Cystourethrography | process of recording or producing a picture/record of the flow of urine from the bladder to the urethra |
| Diuresis | increased output of urination |
| Enuresis | involuntary urination |
| Incontinence | inability to control the excretion of urine/feces |
| Urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra (to correct stress incontinence) |
| Nocturia | nighttime urination |
| Dysuria | difficult/bad/painful urination |
| without urination | Anuria |
| Oliguria | scanty urination |
| Polyuria | many (frequent) urination |
| Hematuria | blood in urine |
| Pyuria | pus in urine |
| Hyperproteinuria | urination of excessive protein |
| Hypoproteinemia | blood condition of decreased/deficient protein |
| Nephrolith | kidney stone |
| Ureterolith | ureter stone |
| Cystolith | bladder stone |
| Lithotomy | surgical incision (into the bladder for the removal of a) stone |
| Lithotripsy | to crush a stone (using external shockwaves) |
| Nephropathy | any disease of the kidneys |
| Nephrectasis | stretching of the kidney (distention) |
| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| Glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney |
| Nephroptosis | prolapsed of a kidney |
| Nephropyosis | abnormal condition of kidney pus (suppuration) |
| Kidney Failure | inability of the kidneys to function/filter; may be the result of other kidney diseases |
| Dialysis | procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function |
| Hemodialysis | process by which waste products are directly filtered from blood |
| Peritoneal Dialysis | process by which waste products are filtered out and drained from the peritoneal cavity |
| Nephrolysis | freeing/loosening of a kidney (from adhesions) |
| Nephropexy | surgical fixation of a (floating) kidney |
| Nephrostomy | surgical creation of an opening from the kidney (to the exterior of the body) |
| Pyeloplasty | surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
| Pyelotomy | surgical incision into the renal pelvis (to correct a blockage) |
| Ureterectasis | stretching (or distention) of a ureter |
| Ureterorrhagia | excessive/sudden flow (bleeding) of the ureter |
| Ureterectomy | surgical removal of a ureter |
| Ureteroplasty | surgical repair of a ureter |
| Ureterorrhaphy | surgical suturing of a ureter |
| Cystis | inflammation of the bladder |
| Cystocele | hernia/protrusion of the bladder (through the vaginal wall) |
| Cystectomy | surgical removal of (all or part of) the bladder |
| Cystopexy | surgical fixation of the bladder (to the abdominal wall) |
| Cystorrhaphy | surgical suturing of the bladder |
| Urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| Urethrorrhagia | excessive/sudden flow (bleeding) of the urethra |
| Urethrostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the urethra |
| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| cath | catherization |
| CRF | chronic renal failure |
| cysto | cystoscopy |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| -algia | pain and suffering |
| dys- | difficult, painful or bad |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| hyper- | over, above or increased |
| hypo- | below, under or decreased |
| -osis | a disease or abnormal condition |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhage/-rrhagia | sudden abnormal or excessive flow |
| -rrhaphy | to suture or stitch |
| -rrhea | flow or discharge |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arthr/o | joint |
| ather/o | plaque or fatty substance |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| col/o | colon |
| -graphy | process of recording a picture |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | large or enlargement |
| myc/o | fungus |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| my/o | muscle |
| -necrosis | tissue death |
| neur/o | nerve |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -ology | study of |
| -pathy | disease |
| peri- | surrounding |
| pre- | before |
| post- | after |
| py/o | pus |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| angi/o | blood vessel |
| cardi/o | heart |
| erythr/o | red |
| cyan/o | blue |
| leuk/o | white |
| melan/o | black |
| poli/o | gray |
| hepat/o | liver |
| pyr/o | heat, fever, fire |
| -dynia | pain, suffering |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| -gram | picture or record |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| eu- | good, normal, well, or easy |
| inter- | between, among |
| intra- | within, inside |
| sub- | under, less, below |
| super-/supra | above, excessive |
| nat/o | birth |
| Neo- | new |
| AP | Appendicitis or Appendectomy |
| CFS | Chronic Fatigue Syndrome |
| diff Dx | differential diagnosis |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| He | Hemorrhage |
| Inflam | Inflammation |
| IM | Intramuscular |
| Path | pathology |
| PN | Post Natal |
| prog | prognosis |
| Albin/o | white |
| Alopec/o | baldness |
| Blephar/o | eye lid |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Contus/o | bruise |
| Cutane/o or Derm/o or Dermat/o | skin |
| Crypt/o | hidden |
| Erythem/o | redness/flushed |
| Follicul/o | hair follicle |
| Hidr/o | sweat |
| Kerat/o | horny/hard |
| Melan/o | black/dark |
| Myc/o | fungus |
| Onych/o | nail |
| Pedicul/o | lice |
| Rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| Scler/o (-sclerosis) | abnormal hardening |
| Seb/o | sebum/wax/oil |
| Xer/o | dry |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -ichthy | dry or scaly |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -phagia | eating/swallowing |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhea | abnormal flow/discharge |
| An- | without |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Dermatologist | physician who specializes in diagnosing/treating disorders of the skin |
| Cosmetic Surgeon | physician who specializes in the surgical restoration/reconstruction of body structures (plastic surgeon) |
| Miliaria | inflammation caused by trapped sweat (heat/prickly rash) |
| Comedo | buildup of sebum in a hair follicle (blackhead/open or a whitehead/closed) |
| Seborrhea | abnormal flow of sebum (overproduction) |
| Diaphoresis | sweating |
| Anhidrosis | abnormal condition lacking/without sweat |
| Hyperhidrosis | abnormal condition of excessive sweat |
| Sleep Hyperhidrosis | night sweats |
| Folliculitis | inflammation of the follicle |
| Alopecia | partial of complete lack of hair |
| Hirsutism | abnormal hairiness (in women) |
| Onychcryptosis | abnormal condition of hidden nail (ingrown toenail) |
| Onychomycosis | abnormal condition of nail fungus |
| Onychophagia | condition of nail eating (nail biting) |
| Albinism | genetic condition characterized by the absence/deficiency of pigmentation |
| Chloasma | mask of pregnancy |
| Melanosis | abnormal condition of black (pigmentation on different parts of the body) |
| Vitiligo | loss of pigment in areas of the skin resulting in milk-white patches |
| Contusion | bruise |
| Purpura | skin hemorrhage |
| Petechiae | small pinpoint hemorrhages |
| Lesion | pathologic tissue change due to disease or injury |
| Crust | scab |
| Macule | discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter (freckles or flat moles) |
| Papule | small/solid raised skin lesion less than 0.5mm in diameter with no visible fluid (pimple) |
| Wheal | red raised area of skin |
| Abscess | closed pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection |
| Cyst | closed pouch containing air/fluid/semi-fluid |
| Pustule | small elevation of skin containing pus (pimple) |
| Vesicle | small blister (contains a watery fluid) |
| Bulla | large blister (contains watery fluid) |
| Laceration | torn or jagged wound |
| Puncture | deep hole made by a sharp object |
| Ulcer | open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges |
| Port-wine stain | flat/dark red birthmark (require laser treatment) |
| Strawberry hemangioma | soft/raised/purplish birthmark made by a mass of superficial blood and blood vessels (resolve by age 5) |
| Dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| Pruritis | itching |
| Dermatosis | general term for any skin conditions not associated with inflammation |
| Erythema | redness of the skin (sunburn |
| Ichthyosis | hereditary disorders of dry/thickened/scaly skin (slowed skin shedding or over production of skin cells) |
| Lupus Erythematosus | autoimmune disorder with a red-scaly rash on the face and upper trunk (also attacks other body tissues) |
| Psoriasis | red papules covered with silvery scales that occur in flare-ups |
| Scleroderma | autoimmune disorder in which the tissues become thick and hardened |
| Urticaria | itchy wheals (hives) caused by an allergic reaction |
| Xeroderma | dry skin |
| Pediculosis | lice infestation |
| Scabies | infestation with an itch mite that causes blisters from the burrowed eggs |
| Impetigo | bacterial skin infection characterized by pustules (contagious) |
| Tinea | fungal skin infection affecting different body areas (athlete’s foot; jock itch) |
| Cellulitis | infection within the connective tissue |
| Gangrene | tissue death caused by a loss of circulation with a following bacterial infection |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | flesh-eating bacteria |
| Callus | thickened skin on the hands/feet caused by repeat rubbing |
| Cicatrix | normal scar |
| Keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar |
| Keratosis | abnormal condition of hard (overgrowth/thickening of the skin) |
| Nevi | moles (small dark growths from pigmented cells in the skin) |
| Skin Tags | small flesh colored growths that hang from the body (benign and enlarge with age) |
| Actinic Keratosis | precancerous skin lesion (red scaly patch) that occurs on sun damaged skin |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | cancerous skin lesion derived from the shedding cells (started as AK) |
| Malignant Melanoma | skin cancer derived from cells capable of forming melanin |
| Biopsy | removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination |
| Debridement | scraping of debris/dead tissue from a wound to promote healing |
| Incision and Drainage | incision into a lesion (ex: abscess) and then draining the fluid |
| Mohs Surgery | technique used to treat skin cancer in which individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed one at a time |
| Blepharoplasty | surgical repair of the eye lid(s) (eye lift) |
| Botox | injections to temporarily block nerve signals to the injected site |
| Dermatoplasty | surgical repair of the skin (skin graft) |
| Electrolysis | use of electric current to destroy a hair follicle |
| Liposuction | removal of fat from beneath the skin with the aid of suction |
| Rhytidectomy | surgical removal of wrinkles (face lift) |
| BCCA | basal cell carcinoma |
| caut | cauterization |
| debm | debridement |
| Ez | eczema |
| LE | lupus erythematosus |
| MM | malignant melanoma |
| NF | narcotizing fasciitis |
| Ps | psoriasis |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Abdomin/o | abdominal |
| Adip/o | fat |
| Aden/o | gland |
| Anter/o | front or before |
| Caud/o | tail or lower part of the body |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Cephal/o | head |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Cyt/o | cell |
| Dem/o | population |
| Dors/o | back of the body |
| Gen/o | producing |
| Hist/o | tissue |
| Home/o | constant |
| Idi/o | peculiar to the individual |
| Ili/o | hip bone |
| Lumb/o | lower back |
| Path/o (-pathy) | disease |
| Pelv/o | pelvis |
| Physi/o | nature or physical |
| Poster/o | back or toward the back |
| Ventr/o | belly side of the body |
| -crine | to secrete |
| -oma | tumor |
| -plasia | formation |
| -plasm | formative material |
| -stasis | control |
| -trophy | development |
| A- | without |
| Ana- | excessive |
| En-/ Endo- | within |
| Epi- | above |
| Eti/o | cause |
| Exo- | out of |
| Pan- | entire |
| Genetic Disorders | pathologic conditions caused by absent or defective genes |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | condition in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with abnormally thick mucus |
| Down Syndrome | condition that is associated with characteristic facial appearance/learning disabilities/physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease |
| Hemophilia (hemo) | bleeding disorder |
| Huntington’s Disease | condition characterized by nerve degeneration |
| Muscular Dystrophy | condition characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | condition characterized by a missing essential digestive enzyme that can lead to severe mental retardation if left undectected/untreated |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | fatal condition in which harmful quantities of fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain |
| Aplasia | the defective development or congenital absence of an organ/tissue |
| Hypoplasia | incomplete development of an organ/tissue |
| Anaplasia | change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other |
| Dysplasia | abnormal development of tissues/cells |
| Hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue |
| Hypertrophy | general increase in the bulk of a body part/organ due to an increase in size of cells in the tissues |
| Indirect contact | spread of disease through contact with contaminated surface/object |
| Bloodborne | spread of disease through contact with blood or body fluids containing blood |
| Airborne | spread of disease through contact with respiratory droplets (cough/sneeze) |
| Food-borne and water-borne | spread of disease by eating/drinking contaminated food/water that has not been properly treated/prepared |
| Endemic | ongoing presence of a disease within a population (Ex: the common cold) |
| Epidemic | sudden/widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area (Ex: measles) |
| Pandemic | outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area or worldwide (Ex: AIDS) |
| Functional disease | symptoms for which no physiological/anatomical cause can be identified (Ex: irritable bowel syndrome) |
| Iatrogenic illness | unfavorable response to medical treatment (Ex: side effects from medication) |
| Idiopathic disease | illness without known cause (Ex: Crohn’s disease) |
| Infectious disease | caused by living pathogenic organisms (Ex: flu) |
| Nosocomial Infection | infection acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| Organic Disease | caused by detectable physical changes in the body (Ex: Diabetes) |
| Congenital Disorder | abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| Exocrine | secrete substances into ducts that lead into organs or out of the body (Ex: sweat gland) |
| Endocrine | produce hormones that a secreted into the bloodstream to be transported to other organs |
| Epidemi/o | among people |
| -ology | study of |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| Dys- | bad, difficult, painful |
| Umbilic/o | umbilicus (belly button) |
| A | anterior |
| Abd | abdomen |
| anat | anatomy |
| CD | communicable disease |
| CH | chromosome |
| cyt | cytology or cytoplasm |
| D | dorsal |
| epid | epidemic |
| hemo | hemophilia |
| Histo | histology |
| P | physiology or posterior |
| umb | umbilical |
| ventr | ventral |
| Midsagittal Plane | divides body along the midline into right and left |
| Frontal Plane | divides body into anterior and posterior |
| Transverse Plane | divides body into superior and inferior |
| Histologist | specialist in the structure and composition of tissues |
| Pathologist | specialist in the analysis of tissue samples to establish a diagnosis |
| Cytologyst | specialist in the study of cells |
| Geneticist | specialist in genetics |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| PKU | Phenylketonuria |
| Ankyl/o | crooked, stiff, bent |
| Arthr/o | joint |
| Burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near the joint) |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Crani/o | skull |
| Hem/o | blood |
| Kyph/o | hump |
| Lamin/o | lamina (part of bone that surrounds the spinal canal; where the spinal cord passes) |
| Lord/o | swayback curve/bent backward |
| Myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Pod/o | foot |
| Por/o | pore (small opening) |
| Scoli/o | curved |
| Spondyl/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
| Synovi/o; Synov/o | synovial membrane (membrane that lubricates the joints) |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -lysis | loosening / setting free (therapeutic) or breaking down/destruction (diseased condition) |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -poietic | forming |
| Prosthesis | substitute for a disease/missing body part |
| Orthotic | mechanical appliance designed to control/correct/compensate for impaired limb function |
| Bone Marrow Transplant | used to treat certain types of cancers (leukemia |
| Allogenic BMT | uses healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor |
| Autologous BMT | the patient receives his own marrow cells that have been previously harvested |
| Hallux valgus | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (bunion) |
| Luxation | total dislocation of a bone from its joint |
| Subluxation | partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | joint inflammation caused by the body’s immune system attacking its own joint tissues |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | stiffening of the vertebrae with inflammation (another form of Rheumatoid Arthritis) |
| Osteoarthritis | bone/joint inflammation caused by “wear-and-tear” of cartilage at the joints |
| Spondylosis | “wear-and-tear” of the cartilage of the vertebrae |
| Lumbago | pain in the lumbar region of the spine (may be caused by anything) |
| Spondylolisthesis | vertebra slipping forward on the spinal column |
| Spina Bifida | congenital defect where the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord |
| Kyphosis | abnormal increase of the outward curvature of the spine (humpback) |
| Lordosis | abnormal increase of the forward curvature (swayback) |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (sideways) |
| Compression fracture | collapse of a vertebra due to trauma or weakened state (osteoporosis) |
| Comminuted fracture | bone is splintered/crushed into pieces |
| Greenstick fracture | bone is bent/partially broken (usually in children) |
| Open fracture | bone is broken out to the surface of the skin |
| Spiral fracture | bone is broken by a twisting motion (usually in sports injuries) |
| Stress fracture | small crack in the bone from overuse or chronic/excessive impact |
| Arthrodesis | surgical fixation (fusion) of a joint (to stiffen the joint due to severe deformities) |
| Percutaneous Vetebroplasty | surgical repair of the vertebrae where bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures |
| Arthrolysis | surgical loosening of a (stiffened) joint |
| Arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint (may also be an artificial joint replacement) |
| Bursectomy | surgical removal of bursa |
| Chondroplasty | surgical repair of (damaged) cartilage |
| Synovectomy | surgical removal of synovial membrane from a joint |
| Laminectomy | surgical removal of lamina |
| Craniotomy | surgical incision into the skull to gain access to the brain |
| Craniectomy | surgical removal of a portion of the skull to relieve pressure from swelling of the brain |
| Cranioplasty | surgical repair of the skull |
| Osteoclasis | surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity |
| Ostectomy | surgical removal of bone |
| Osteoplasty | surgical repair of bone/bones |
| Osteorrhaphy | surgical suturing (wiring together) of bones |
| Osteotomy | surgical incision or sectioning of bone |
| External fixation | fracture treatment where pins are placed in bone/soft tissues so an external appliance can hold the bone in place during healing |
| Internal fixation | fracture treatment where pins or a plate directly hold the bone/broken pieces in place (this is not usually removed after healing) |
| Bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| Chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage |
| Chondroma | benign tumor in cartilage |
| Costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum |
| Hemarthrosis | abnormal condition of blood within a joint |
| Synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane |
| Craniostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the skull (a malformation of the premature closure of the skull) |
| Ostealgia | bone pain |
| Osteitis | inflammation of bone |
| Osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bones in adults (caused by Vitamin D deficiency) |
| Osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| Osteonecrosis | death of bone tissue (due to insufficient blood supply) |
| Myeloma | cancer found in bone marrow |
| Osteoporosis | abnormal condition of porous bone (loss of bone density) |
| Osteopenia | bone deficiency (thinner than average bone that is a risk factor for osteoporosis) |
| Chiropractor | specializes in spinal manipulation to treat various disorders |
| Orthopedic surgeon | specializes in diseases/disorders involving the bones |
| Osteopath | uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to spinal manipulation |
| Podiatrist | specializes in disorders of the foot |
| Hemopoietic | pertaining to the formation of blood (from bone marrow) |
| Arthrosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a joint |
| Ankylosis | stiff; abnormal condition (loss of joint mobility) |
| Hemopoietic | pertaining to the formation of blood (from bone marrow) |
| Myeloma | tumor found in bone marrow |
| BMT | Bone Marrow Transplant |
| BDT | Bone Density Testing |
| CR | Closed Reduction |
| Fx | Fracture |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| OP | Osteoporosis |
| TMJ | Temporomandibular Joint |
| THA | Total Hip Ahtroplasty |
| TJA | Total Joint Arhtroplasty |
| TKA | Total Knee Arthroplasty |
| -algia/-dynia | pain |
| -cele | hernia/swelling |
| -lysis | destruction/breakdown/loosening/setting free |
| -clonus | violent action |
| -desis | surgical fixation or to bind/tie together |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -ia | condition |
| -ion | action/process/state/condition |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -paresis | partial or incomplete paralysis |
| A- | without |
| Ab- | away |
| Ad- | toward |
| Brady- | slow |
| Ex- | away from |
| Dys- | bad/difficult/painful/abnormal |
| Hemi- | half |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Hypo- | deficient |
| Poly- | many |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -rrhaphy | surgical suturing |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| Cardi/o | heart |
| Duct/o | to lead or carry |
| Electr/o | electricity or electric |
| Fasci/o | fascia |
| Fibr/o | fibrous tissue |
| Flex/o | bend |
| Kines/o | movement |
| Sarc/o | flesh |
| Tax/o | coordination/order |
| Tens/o | stretch out/extend/strain |
| Muscul/o or My/o or Myos/o | muscle |
| Quadr/o or Quadr/i | four |
| Ten/o or Tend/o or Tendin/o | tendon |
| Exercise Physiologist | specialist who promotes physical fitness |
| Neurologist | specialist in diseases related to nerves (diagnoses/treats the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders related to loss of nerve function) |
| Physiatrist | specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation (restoring function) |
| Rheumatologist | specialist in diseases characterized by inflammation |
| Sports Medicine Physician | doctor who treats sports-related injuries of bones/joints/muscles |
| Fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| Fibromyalgia Syndrome | fibrous tissue muscle pain (widespread pain) |
| Tenodynia | pain of a tendon |
| Tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| Atrophy | lack of development (wearing away from muscle) |
| Muscular Dystrophy | bad/abnormal development of muscles (genetic progressive weakness and degeneration of muscles that control movement) |
| Myalgia | muscle pain |
| Myocele | muscle hernia |
| Myolysis | muscle destruction or breakdown |
| Myomalacia | abnormal softening of muscle |
| Myorrhexis | rupture (or tearing) of a muscle |
| Polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| Sarcopenia | deficiency of flesh (loss of muscle mass/strength/function) |
| Atonic | lacking (normal) muscle tone |
| Dystonia | condition of abnormal (muscle) tone |
| Hypertonia | condition of excessive (muscle) tone |
| Hypotonia | condition of deficient (muscle) tone |
| Myotonia | muscle tone condition (of slow relaxation after a contraction) |
| Ataxia | condition without coordination |
| Dystaxia | condition of abnormal coordination (mild ataxia) |
| Contracture | permanent tightening of muscle tissues |
| Bradykinesia | condition of slowness in (muscle) movement |
| Dyskinesia | condition of abnormal (involuntary muscle) movement |
| Hyperkinesia | condition of excessive (muscle) movement |
| Hypokinesia | condition of decreased/deficient (muscle) movement |
| Nocturnal Myoclonus | (sudden and involuntary) violent action of muscle at night (jerking of the limbs prior to falling asleep) |
| Singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm (hiccup) |
| Myoparesis | partial paralysis of muscle |
| Hemiparesis | partial paralysis of half (of the body) |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis of half (of the body) |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of both legs of the lower part of the body |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of (all) four (extremities) |
| Electromyography | process of producing a record of muscular electricity (measures strength of contractions) |
| Electromyogram | a record of muscular electricity |
| Electroneuromyography | process of producing a record of neuromuscular electricity (measures nerve impulse) |
| Fasciotomy | surgical incision into fascia (to relieve tension/pressure) |
| Fascioplasty | surgical repair of fascia |
| Tenodesis | binding together a tendon (to a bone) |
| Tenolysis | to set free a tendon (from adhesions) |
| Tenectomy | surgical removal of part of a tendon |
| Tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon |
| Tenorrhaphy | surgical suturing of a tendon |
| Tenotomy | surgical incision into a tendon (to correct a deformity caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle) |
| Myectomy | surgical removal of part of a muscle |
| Myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle |
| Myotomy | surgical incision into a muscle |
| Ergonomics | pertaining to human factors that affect the design/operation of tools and the work environment |
| Adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
| Myofascial Release | specialized tissue manipulation to relieve pain (from fibromyalgia) |
| CTS | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| EMG | Electromyogram |
| FMS | Fibromyalgia Syndrome |
| hemi | hemiplegia |
| IC | Intermittent Claudication |
| IS | Impingement Syndrome |
| MG | Myasthenia Gravis |
| MD | Muscular Dystrophy |
| PM | polymyositis |
| quad | quadriplegia or quadriplegic |
| RSD | Repetitive Stress Disorder |
| Angi/o or Vascul/o | blood vessel |
| Arteri/o | artery |
| Ather/o | fatty plaque or substance |
| Cardi/o or Card/o | heart |
| Cyt/o or -cyte | cell |
| Electr/o | electric |
| Embol/o | something inserted |
| Erythr/o | red |
| Hem/o or Hemat/o | blood |
| Leuk/o | white |
| My/o | muscle |
| Phleb/o | vein |
| Thromb/o | clot |
| Valvul/o | valve |
| -crasia | mixture or blending |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -gram | picture or record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -megaly or mega- or megal/o | abnormal enlargement |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -oma | tumor |
| -pathy | disease |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -plastic | pertaining to formation |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhaphy | surgical suturing |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| -stasis | control |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| Brady- | slow |
| Endo- | within |
| Epi- | above/upon |
| Dys- | abnormal, bad, difficult, painful |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Peri- | surrounding |
| Tachy- | rapid |
| Erythrocytes | Red (blood) cell- carry oxygen |
| Leukocytes | White (blood) cell- fight infection |
| Thrombocytes | Clotting cell (Platelet)- clot blood |
| Cardiomegaly | Abnormal enlargement of the heart |
| Carditis | Inflammation of the heart |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation of the surrounding heart layer |
| Myocarditis | Inflammation of the muscle heart layer |
| Myocarditis | Inflammation of the muscle heart layer |
| Endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner heart layer |
| Valvulitis | Inflammation of a (heart) valve |
| Angiitis or Vasculitis | Inflammation of a blood vessel |
| Angiostenosis | Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel |
| Hemangioma | Benign tumor of blood and blood vessels |
| Phlebitis | Inflammation of the veins |
| Atherosclerosis | Abnormal hardening (of the arteries caused by) fatty plaques |
| Arteriosclerosis | Abnormal hardening of the arteries |
| Arteriostenosis | Abnormal narrowing of the arteries |
| Blood Dyscrasia | Abnormal mixture (of blood) |
| Thrombocytopenia | Deficiency of clotting cells (platelets) |
| Leukopenia | Deficiency of white (blood cells) |
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome | Bad, difficult formation of bone marrow (Also called pre-leukemia |
| Leukemia | Blood condition of white (blood cells)/(A type of cancer that affects the white blood cells) |
| Bradycardia | (Abnormally) slow heart(beat) |
| Tachycardia | (Abnormally) rapid heart(beat |
| Hypotension | deficient/low blood pressure |
| Hypertension | excessive/high blood pressure |
| Electrocardiography | The process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) | The record of electrical activity of the heart |
| Angiography | The process of recording or taking a picture of blood vessels |
| Phlebography or Venography | The process of recording or taking a picture of the veins |
| Valvuloplasty | Surgical repair (or replacement) of a valve (of the heart) |
| Aneurysmectomy | Surgical removal of an aneurysm |
| Aneurysmorrhaphy | Surgical suturing of an aneurysm |
| Atherectomy | Surgical removal of a fatty plaque (from an artery) |
| Angioplasty | Surgical repair of a blood vessel |
| Cardiologist | specialist in diagnosing/treating diseases of the heart |
| Hematologist | specialist in diagnosing/treating diseases/disorders of the blood |
| Vascular Surgeon | physician who specializes in the surgical treatment of disorders of the blood vessels |
| Hemoglobin | Iron-containing protein of red blood cells |
| Angina | episode of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium |
| Myocardial Infarction | episode where there is a total blockage of blood flow to the myocardium |
| Thrombus | blood clot attached to the wall of a blood vessel (stationary) |
| Thrombotic Occlusion | the blockage of a blood vessel by a thrombus |
| Embolus | foreign object (blood clot/air/tissue/fat/tumor) that circulates in the blood vessels (traveling) |
| Embolism | the blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus |
| Septicemia | blood condition caused by the spread of pathogens and their toxins in the blood (blood poisoning) |
| Aplastic Anemia | blood condition characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements caused by the hemopoeitic failure of bone marrow |
| Hemolytic Anemia | blood condition characterized by the premature destruction/breakdown of red blood cells by the spleen |
| Megaloblastic Anemia | blood condition characterized by larger than normal (yet still immature) red blood cells; usually from a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12 |
| Pernicious Anemia | blood condition characterized by the lack of the protein that helps the body absorb Vitamin B12 |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | genetic blood condition characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that causes the red blood cells to form a crescent shape |
| Cardiac Arrest | when the heart abruptly stops or develops an abnormal rhythm that prevents it from pumping blood |
| Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib) | rapid/irregular/uncontrolled heartbeat originating from the atria |
| Atrial Tachycardia | rapid heartbeats originating from the atria |
| Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib) | rapid/irregular/uncontrolled heartbeat originating from the ventricles |
| Ventricular Tachycardia | rapid heartbeats originating from the ventricles |
| Coronary Thrombosis | abnormal condition of having a blood clot blocking a coronary artery |
| Arrhythmia | abnormality or loss of normal rhythm in the heartbeat |
| Automated External Defibrillator (AED) | portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias |
| Defibrillation | shock that stops fibrillation, allowing the heart to reestablish a normal rhythm |
| Atheroma | tumor (actually a deposit) of a fatty plaque |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | low blood pressure upon standing |
| any disease of the heart muscle | Cardiomyopathy |
| A-Fib | atrial fibrillation |
| chol | cholesterol |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| EKG or ECG | electrocardiogram |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| PAD | peripheral artery disease |
| PVD | peripheral vascular disease |
| V-fiv | ventricular vibrillation |
| Allergist | specialist in allergic reactions |
| Antigen | any substance that the body sees as being foreign |
| Allergen | any substance that produces an allergic reaction |
| Allergy | overreaction by the body to a particular antigen |
| Antihistamines | type of medication that works against histamine |
| Anaphylaxis | a severe response to an allergen |
| Immunologist | specialist in the immune system |
| Autoimmune Disorder | condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues |
| Immunodeficiency Disorder | condition in which the immune response in compromised |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus; bloodborne infection in which the virus damages/kills cells of the immune system |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; most advanced/fatal stage of HIV |
| Immunotherapy | treatment of the immune system (involves stimulating the immune response) |
| Immunosuppressant | type of medication that prevents/reduces the body’s normal immune response |
| Oncologist | specialist in the prevention/causes/ treatments of tumors and cancer |
| Tumor | abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled cell multiplication |
| Neoplasm | new or strange formation (tumor) |
| Benign | not life-threatening |
| Malginant | potentially life-threatening |
| Myoma | tumor of muscle |
| Myosarcoma | tumor of muscle flesh |
| Angiogenesis | blood vessel creation (process by which a tumor supports its own growth by creating its own blood supply) |
| Cancer | class of diseases with uncontrolled cell multiplication and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues |
| Metastasize | process by which cancer spreads |
| Metastasis | change beyond control (new cancer site that results from the spreading process) |
| Carcinoma | cancerous tumor (that occurs in the cells that line the internal/external surfaces of the body/organs/glands) |
| Adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor from a gland |
| Sarcoma | tumor of flesh (that occurs in connective tissue like bone/fat/muscle/ vessels) |
| Osteosarcoma | tumor of bone flesh |
| Chondrosarcoma | tumor of cartilage flesh |
| Angiosarcoma | tumor of blood vessel flesh |
| Lymphangiosarcoma | tumor of lymph vessel flesh |
| Lymphoma | tumor of lymph (or any lymph tissue) |
| Leukemia | blood condition of white (blood cancer that usually affects the white blood cells) |
| Chemotherapy | drug of chemical treatment (that kills fast growing cells) |
| Antiangiogenesis | against blood vessel creation (type of medication that disrupts the blood supply to a tumor) |
| Antineoplastic | pertaining to being against the new or strange formation (type of medication that blocks the growth of malignant cells) |
| Cytotoxic | pertaining to cell poisoning (type of medication that kills to damages cells) |
| Brachytherapy | treatment that is a short (distance; administered internally with implanted devices) |
| Teletherapy | treatment that is a far (distance; administered externally using 3D computer imaging machines) |
| Lymphadenitis | inflammation of a lymph node |
| Lymphadenopathy | any disease of a lymph node |
| Lymphangioma | benign tumor of a lymph vessel |
| Splenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| Splenorrhagia | excessive bleeding of the spleen |
| Lymphedema | swelling of the lymph (node) |
| Lymphangiography | process of taking a picture of a lymph vesel |
| Anti- | against |
| Brachy- | short |
| Meta- | change beyond |
| Aden/o | gland |
| Angi/o | blood vessel |
| Carcin/o | cancer |
| Chem/o | drug or chemical |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Cyt/o or –cyte | cell |
| Immun/o | protected or safe (the immune system) |
| Lymphaden/o | lymph node |
| Lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| Lymph/o | lymph |
| Lymphocyt/o | white blood cell |
| My/o | muscle |
| Neo- | new or strange |
| Onc/o | tumor |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Phag/o | eat or swallow |
| Sarc/o | flesh |
| Splen/o | spleen |
| Tele- | far |
| -edema | swelling |
| -genesis | creation or reproduction |
| -lytic | to reduce or destroy |
| -megaly | abnormal enlargement |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -oma | tumor |
| -plasm | formation |
| -plastic | pertaining to formation |
| -rrhagia | abnormal excessive fluid discharge (usually blood) |
| -stasis | control |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -toxic or tox/o | poison |
| T-Lymphocytes | produced in the Thymus; phagocytes (cells that eat) |
| B-Lymphocytes | antibodies (immunoglobulins) |
| Ab | Antiobody |
| Ag | antigen |
| CA | Carcinoma |
| HL | Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
| IG | immunoglobulin |
| LE | lymphedema |
| MET | Metastasis |
| met | metastasize |
| NHL | non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
| Anthrac/o | coal or coal dust |
| Asbest/o | asbestos |
| Atel/o | incomplete or imperfect |
| Bronch/o | bronchi |
| Capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| Coni/o | dust |
| Cyan/o | blue |
| Hem/o | blood |
| Laryng/o | larynx |
| Ot/o | ear |
| Ox/i | oxygen |
| Pharyng/o | pharynx |
| Phon/o | voice or sound |
| Pneum/o or Pneumon/o | lung |
| Pulmon/o | lung |
| Py/o | pus |
| Rhin/o | nose |
| Sept/o | septum |
| Sinus/o | sinus |
| Spir/o | to breathe |
| Thorac/o and –thorax | chest |
| Trache/o | trachea |
| Turbercul/o | little knot |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| -ectasis | stretching |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -ia | abnormal condition |
| -meter | means to measure |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -otomy | surgical incision |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -rrhagia | excessive bleeding |
| -rrhea | abnormal flow or discharge |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction |
| A or An- | without |
| Brady- | abnormally slow |
| Dys- | bad/difficult/painful/abnormal |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Hypo- | deficient/decreased |
| Tachy- | abnormally rapid |
| Otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in the ear/nose/throat |
| Pulmonologist | specialist in the lungs |
| Sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| Rhinitis | inflammation of the nose (due to allergies) |
| Rhinorrhea | abnormal discharge of the nose (runny nose) |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoplegia | paralysis of the larynx |
| Laryngospasm | contraction (tightening) of the larynx |
| Aphonia | abnormal condition without voice |
| Dysphonia | abnormal condition of a bad voice |
| Bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| Bronchorrhea | abnormal discharge (of mucus) from the bronchi |
| Asthma | chronic allergic disease characterized by episodes of breathing difficulty/coughing/wheezing |
| Bronchospasm | contraction (tightening) of the bronchi |
| Pneumonia | Abnormal condition of the lung (serious lung infection and/or inflammation) |
| Aspiration Pneumonia | type of pneumonia that occurs when a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs |
| Hemoptysis | spitting (up) blood |
| Pneumothorax | “lung chest” (a condition where an accumulation of air or gas in the chest causes the lung to collapse) |
| Hemothorax | “blood chest” (a condition in which there is blood in the chest cavity) |
| Pyothorax | “pus chest” (a condition in which there is pus in the chest cavity) |
| Atelectasis | incomplete stretching (of the lung due to shallow breathing) |
| Anthracosis | Abnormal condition of coal or coal dust (in the lungs; also called black lung disease) |
| Asbestosis | Abnormal condition of asbestos (in the lungs) |
| Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of lung dust (lung tissues become fibrous after prolonged exposure) |
| Tuberculosis | Abnormal condition of knots (in the lungs; caused by the an infectious disease that mainly affects individuals who also have an immunodeficiency disorder) |
| Cystic Fibrosis | genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with mucus |
| Eupnea | good or normal breathing |
| Apnea | without (spontaneous) breathing |
| Bradypnea | (abnormally) slow breathing |
| Tachypnea | (abnormally) rapid breathing |
| Dyspnea | bad or difficult breathing |
| Hyperpnea | excessive breathing (faster and deeper) |
| Hypopnea | decreased breathing (slower and shallower) |
| Hypercapnia | abnormal condition of excessive carbon dioxide |
| Anoxia | abnormal condition without oxygen |
| Cyanosis | abnormal condition of blue (from lack of oxygen) |
| Hypoxia | abnormal condition of decreased oxygen (in the tissues) |
| Hypoxemia | abnormal blood condition of decreased oxygen |
| Bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi |
| Laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx |
| Oximeter | means to measure oxygen |
| Spirometer | means to measure breathing (air volume) |
| Septoplasty | surgical repair of the septum |
| Pharyngoplasty | surgical repair of the pharynx |
| Tracheotomy | surgical incision into the trachea |
| Tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea |
| Laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx |
| Laryngoplasty | surgical repair of the larynx |
| Pneumonectomy | surgical removal of the lung |
| Thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest |
| Br | Bronchitis |
| bronch | bronchoscopy |
| CSB | Cheyne-Stokes breathing |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| diph | diphtheria |
| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
| Pno | pneumothorax |
| PPV | Positive Pressure Ventilation |
| SAS | Sleep Apnea Syndrome |
| URI | Upper Respiratory Infection |
| Aer/o | air |
| An/o | anus |
| Cholangi/o | bile duct or vessel |
| Chole/o | bile or gall |
| Cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| Col/o or Colon/o | colon |
| Duoden/o | duodenum |
| Enter/o | small intestine |
| Esophag/o | esophagus |
| Gastr/o | stomach |
| Gingiv/o | gums |
| Hemat/o | blood |
| Hepat/o | liver |
| Ile/o | illeum |
| Myc/o | fungus |
| Odont/o | teeth |
| Orth/o | straight/normal/correct |
| Palat/o | palate |
| Proct/o | rectum |
| Pyr/o | fire/fever |
| Stomat/o | mouth or oral cavity |
| Xer/o | dry |
| -algia | pain |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -graphy | process of recording or producing a picture |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -phagia | swallowing condition |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhagia | excessive/sudden flow (usually of blood) |
| -rrhaphy | surgical suturing |
| -rrhea | flow/discharge |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| Dys- | bad/difficult/painful/abnormal |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Peri- | surrounding |
| Bariatrics | branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity/weightloss |
| Dentist | specialist in diagnosing/treating disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity |
| Gastroenterologist | specialist in diagnosing/treating disorders of the stomach and intestines |
| Orthodonist | specialist in the correct alignment of teeth and related facial structures |
| Periodontist | specialist in the prevention/treatment of the tissues surrounding the teeth (gums) |
| Proctologist | specialist in diagnosing/treating disorders of the colon/rectum/anus |
| Anorexia nervosa | eating disorder of voluntary starvation and excessive excercise related to false perception of body appearance |
| Bulemia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting |
| Obesity | excessive accumulation of fat in the body |
| Morbid Obesity | the condition of weighing 2-3 times more than the ideal body weight |
| Aerophagia | (excessive) air swallowing (while eating or drinking that is a common cause of gas in the stomach) |
| Dyspepsia | bad/difficult/painful digestion; (indigestion) |
| Emesis | vomiting |
| Eructation | the act of belching/burping |
| Hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| Hyperemesis | excessive vomiting (that can lead to dehydration) |
| Regurgitation | the return of swallowed food into the mouth |
| Stomatomycosis | abnormal condition of mouth fungus (any disease related to fungus in the mouth) |
| Stomatorrhagia | excessive/sudden flow (of blood) from the mouth |
| Xerostomia | condition pertaining to dry mouth |
| Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate | a birth defect in which the lip and/or palate fail to close during fetal development |
| Gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| Dysphagia | difficult swallowing |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | acid reflux |
| Pyrosis | abnormal condition of fire/burning (heartburn) |
| Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| Gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestines |
| Gastrorrhea | abnormal flow/discharge (of secretions/mucus) from the stomach |
| Diverticulosis | abnormal condition of diverticula (small pouches/sacs in the lining of the intestine) |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| Enteritis | inflammation of the small intestines |
| Ulcerative Colitis | chronic (unknown) condition of repeat inflammation/irritation and ulcers in the colon that follow a continuous pattern |
| Crohn’s Disease | chronic autoimmune disorder of the digestive tract (most often occurs in the colon) and occur in sporadic patches |
| Volvulus | the twisting of the intestine on itself |
| Intussusception | the telescoping of the intestine in itself |
| Anal fissure | groove/crack-like sore in the skin of the anus |
| Melena | passage of black and foul smelling stools (usually indicates a bleed from the upper GI tract) |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| Jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood |
| Cirrhosis | progressive deterioration of the liver caused by excessive alcohol use or hepatitis |
| Cholangitis | inflammation of the bile duct or vessel |
| Cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones |
| Cholangiography | process of recording or taking a picture of the bile duct |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | visual examination of the esophagus/stomach/duodenum |
| Colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon |
| Sigmoidoscopy | visual examination of the sigmoid (colon) |
| Anoscopy | visual examination of anus |
| Antiemetic | (medication that works) against emesis |
| Gingivectomy | surgical removal of the (diseased) gums |
| Palatoplasty | surgical repair of the palate (cleft lip and palate) |
| Stomatoplasty | surgical repair of the mouth |
| Gastrectomy | surgical removal (of all or part) of the stomach |
| Gastrostomy Tube | surgical creation of an opening into the stomach (feeding tube from the abdomen into the stomach) |
| Colectomy | surgical removal (of all or part) of the colon |
| Diverticulectomy | surgical removal of diverticula |
| Gastroduodenostomy | surgical creation of an opening (between the) stomach (and) duodenum |
| Ileostomy | surgical creation of an opening from the ileum (to outside the abdomen) |
| Colostomy | surgical creation of an opening from the colon (to outside the abdomen) |
| Proctectomy | surgical removal of the rectum |
| Proctopexy | surgical fixation of a (prolapsed) rectum |
| Proctoplasty | surgical repair of the rectum |
| Hepatectomy | surgical removal (of all or part) of the liver |
| Hepatorrhaphy | surgical suturing of the liver |
| Choledocholithotomy | surgical incision into the common bile duct (to remove) stones |
| Cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder |
| Choledoct/o | common bile duct |
| Lith/o | stones |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| bili | bilirubin |
| chole | cholescystectomy |
| CIR | cirrhosis |
| COL | colonoscopy |
| CRC | Colorectal carcinoma |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| EV | esophageal varices |
| GE | gastroentreritis |
| ICS | ileocecal sphincter |
| IH | inguinal hernia |
| IO | intestinal obstruction |
| jaund | jaundice |
| MO | morbid obesity |
| PU | pepetic ulcers |
| TMD | temporomandibular disorders |
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition |
| UC | ulcerative colitis |
| Angi/o | blood vessel |
| Ankyl/o | bent/crooked/stiff |
| Arthr/o | joint |
| Capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| Cardi/o | heart |
| Cholangi/o | bile duct (vessel) |
| Chole/o | gall (bile) |
| Cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Crani/o | skull |
| Cyt/o | cell |
| Embol/o | something inserted/foreign |
| Erythr/o | red |
| Hem/o | blood |
| Hist/o | tissue |
| Kinesi/o | movement |
| Kyph/o | hump |
| Leuk/o | white |
| Lord/o | bent backward |
| Mening/o | brain/spinal coverings (meninges) |
| My/o | muscle |
| Myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| Onc/o | tumor |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Ox/I | oxygen |
| Path/o | disease |
| Phleb/o | vein |
| Por/o | pore |
| Pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| Quadr/I | four |
| Sarc/o | flesh |
| Scoli/o | curved |
| Splen/o | spleen |
| Spondyl/o | vertebrae/backbone |
| Synovi/o or synov/o | synovial membranes |
| Thromb/o | clot |
| Tox/o | poison |
| Ur/o | urine |
| Ureter/o | ureter |
| Urethr/o | urethra |
| Ven/o | vein |
| -algia | pain |
| -cele | hernia/protrusion |
| -cyte | cell |
| -desis | surgical fusion/fixation |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -edema | swelling |
| -ia | condition |
| -ic or –tic | pertaining to |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -lysis | surgical loosening/breaking or destruction |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -ologist | specialist |
| -ology | study of |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -paresis | partial paralysis or weakness |
| -penia | deficieny |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -thorax | chest |
| -tripsy | to crush |
| -um | noun ending |
| Brady- | slow |
| Hemi- | half |
| Hyper- | excessive |
| Hypo- | deficient or decreased |
| Inter- | between |
| Intra- | within |
| Tachy- | fast |
| Anesthetic | medication used to induce anesthesia |
| Anesthetist | RN who can administer anesthetic agents |
| Angina | chest pain associated with narrowed coronary arteries |
| Arrhythmia | heart beat without a rhythm |
| Cardiac arrest | cessation of the heart beat |
| Diagnosis | the identification of a disease |
| Embolism | blockage of a blood vessel from a circulating substance |
| Embolus | any substance (fat |
| Fissure | crack or groove-like sore |
| Fistula | abnormal passage |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower half of the body |
| Prognosis | the prediction of the probable course or outcome of a disease |
| Supination | turning the hand so the palm is facing up |
| Suppuration | formation or discharge of pus |
| Thrombotic occlusion | blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot attached to the wall |
| Thrombus | blood clot attached to the wall of a blood vessel |
| Triage | screening patients based on priority of medical need |
| Trauma | any bodily injury from an accident/disaster |
| Pathology | study of disease |
| Arthrodesis | surgical fusion of a joint |
| Arthrolysis | surgical loosening (setting free) of a (stiff) joint |
| Osteitis | inflammation of bone |
| Osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bone |
| Osteoporosis | abnormal condition of bone pores |
| Hemiparesis | slight paralysis (weakness) of half (of the body) |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis of half (of the body) |
| Myoparesis | slight paralysis (weakness) of muscle |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of four (limbs) |
| Erythrocyte | red (blood) cell |
| Thrombocytopenia | deficiency of clotting cell |
| Leukemia | a cancer of the blood-forming tissues, such as bone marrow, that typically involves white blood cells |
| Leukocyte | white (blood) cell |
| Leukopenia | deficiency of white (blood cells) |
| Bradycardia | condition of slow heart |
| Tachycardia | condition of fast heart |
| Hemoptysis | spitting (up) blood |
| Hemothorax | “blood chest” |
| Hypercapnia | condition of excessive carbon dioxide |
| Hypoxemia | blood condition of decreased oxygen |
| Hypoxia | condition of decreased oxygen |
| Cholangitis | inflammation of a bile duct/vessel |
| Cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| Cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| Cholelithiasis | presence of gallstones |
| Meningitis | inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord |
| Meningocele | hernia/protrusion of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord |
| Myelitis | inflammation of bone marrow or spinal cord |
| -algia | pain and suffering |
| dys- | difficult, painful or bad |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| hyper- | over, above or increased |
| hypo- | below, under or decreased |
| -osis | a disease or abnormal condition |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhage/-rrhagia | sudden abnormal or excessive flow |
| -rrhaphy | to suture or stitch |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arthr/o | joint |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | large or enlargement |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| my/o | muscle |
| -necrosis | tissue death |
| neur/o | nerve |
| -ology | study of |
| -pathy | disease |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| diff Dx | differential diagnosis |
| Inflam | Inflammation |
| Aden/o | gland |
| Anter/o | front or before |
| Caud/o | tail or lower part of the body |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Cephal/o | head |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Hist/o | tissue |
| Path/o (-pathy) | disease |
| Poster/o | back or toward the back |
| Ventr/o | belly side of the body |
| -oma | tumor |
| -plasia | formation |
| A- | without |
| Ana- | excessive |
| Epi- | above |
| Genetic Disorders | pathologic conditions caused by absent or defective genes |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | condition in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with abnormally thick mucus |
| Hemophilia (hemo) | bleeding disorder |
| Huntington’s Disease | condition characterized by nerve degeneration |
| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | condition characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | condition characterized by a missing essential digestive enzyme that can lead to severe mental retardation if left undectected/untreated |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | fatal condition in which harmful quantities of fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain |
| Aplasia | the defective development or congenital absence of an organ/tissue |
| Hypoplasia | incomplete development of an organ/tissue |
| Anaplasia | change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other |
| Dysplasia | abnormal development of tissues/cells |
| Hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue |
| Hypertrophy | general increase in the bulk of a body part/organ due to an increase in size of cells in the tissues |
| Endemic | ongoing presence of a disease within a population (Ex: the common cold) |
| Epidemic | sudden/widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area (Ex: measles) |
| Pandemic | outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area or worldwide (Ex: AIDS) |
| Functional disease | symptoms for which no physiological/anatomical cause can be identified (Ex: irritable bowel syndrome) |
| Iatrogenic illness | unfavorable response to medical treatment (Ex: side effects from medication) |
| Idiopathic disease | illness without known cause (Ex: Crohn’s disease) |
| Infectious disease | caused by living pathogenic organisms (Ex: flu) |
| Nosocomial Infection | infection acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| Organic Disirder | caused by detectable physical changes in the body (Ex: Diabetes) |
| Congenital Disorder | abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| -ologist | specialist |
| Umbilic/o | umbilicus (belly button) |
| CD | communicable disease |
| P | physiology or posterior |
| Midsagittal Plane | divides body along the midline into right and left |
| Frontal Plane | divides body into anterior and posterior |
| Transverse Plane | divides body into superior and inferior |
| Histologist | specialist in the structure and composition of tissues |
| Pathologist | specialist in the analysis of tissue samples to establish a diagnosis |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| PKU | Phenylketonuria |
| Ankyl/o | crooked, stiff, bent |
| Burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near the joint) |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Kyph/o | hump |
| Lord/o | swayback curve/bent backward |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Por/o | pore (small opening) |
| Scoli/o | curved |
| Spondyl/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
| Synovi/o; Synov/o | synovial membrane (membrane that lubricates the joints) |
| -lysis | loosening / setting free (therapeutic) or breaking down/destruction (diseased condition) |
| Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) | used to treat certain types of cancers (leukemia |
| Allogenic BMT | uses healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor |
| Autologous BMT | the patient receives his own marrow cells that have been previously harvested |
| Hallux valgus | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (bunion) |
| Luxation | total dislocation of a bone from its joint |
| Subluxation | partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | joint inflammation caused by the body’s immune system attacking its own joint tissues |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | bone/joint inflammation caused by “wear-and-tear” of cartilage at the joints |
| Spondylosis | “wear-and-tear” of the cartilage of the vertebrae |
| Lumbago | pain in the lumbar region of the spine (may be caused by anything) |
| Spina Bifida | congenital defect where the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord |
| Kyphosis | abnormal increase of the outward curvature of the spine (humpback) |
| Lordosis | abnormal increase of the forward curvature (swayback) |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (sideways) |
| Comminuted fracture (Fx) | bone is splintered/crushed into pieces |
| Greenstick fracture (Fx) | bone is bent/partially broken (usually in children) |
| Open fracture (Fx) | bone is broken out to the surface of the skin |
| Spiral fracture (Fx) | bone is broken by a twisting motion (usually in sports injuries) |
| Stress fracture (Fx) | small crack in the bone from overuse or chronic/excessive impact |
| Arthrodesis | surgical fixation (fusion) of a joint (to stiffen the joint due to severe deformities) |
| Arthrolysis | surgical loosening of a (stiffened) joint |
| Arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint (may also be an artificial joint replacement) |
| Bursectomy | surgical removal of bursa |
| Chondroplasty | surgical repair of (damaged) cartilage |
| Synovectomy | surgical removal of synovial membrane from a joint |
| Ostectomy | surgical removal of bone |
| Osteoplasty | surgical repair of bone/bones |
| Osteorrhaphy | surgical suturing (wiring together) of bones |
| Osteotomy | surgical incision or sectioning of bone |
| Bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| Chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage |
| Chondroma | benign tumor in cartilage |
| Costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum |
| Synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane |
| Ostealgia | bone pain |
| Osteitis | inflammation of bone |
| Osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bones in adults (caused by Vitamin D deficiency) |
| Osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| Osteonecrosis | death of bone tissue (due to insufficient blood supply) |
| Myeloma | cancer found in bone marrow |
| Osteoporosis (OP) | abnormal condition of porous bone (loss of bone density) |
| Chiropractor | specializes in spinal manipulation to treat various disorders |
| Orthopedic surgeon | specializes in diseases/disorders involving the bones |
| Osteopath | uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to spinal manipulation |
| Arthrosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a joint |
| Ankylosis | stiff; abnormal condition (loss of joint mobility) |
| Myeloma | tumor found in bone marrow |
| Osteochondroma | benign tumor of bone and cartilage (cartilage-capped bony growth) |
| BMT | Bone Marrow Transplant |
| Fx | Fracture |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| OP | Osteoporosis |
| Brady- | slow |
| Tachy- | fast |
| -cele | hernia |
| -desis | bind/tie together; surgical suturing |
| -ia | condition |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -al | pertaining to |
| CFS | Chronic Fatigue Syndrome |
| prog | prognosis |
| A | anterior |
| ADL | Activities of Daily Living |
| RT | Related To |
| caudal | towards the lower part of the body |
| cephalic | towards the head |
| anterior | situated in the front (opposite of posterior) |
| posterior | situated in the back (opposite of anterior) |
| dorsal | refers to the back of the organ or body |
| ventral | refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body |
| cranial cavity | surrounds and protects the brain |
| spinal cavity | surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | surrounds and protects the heart and lungs |
| abdominal cavity | contains primarily the major organs of digestion |
| pelvic cavity | contains primarily the organs of teh reproductive and excretory systems |
| rt & lt hypochondriac region | on right and left side of body and covered by the ribs |
| rt & lt lumbar region | located on the left and right sides near teh inward curve of the spine. The part between ribs and pelvis. |
| rt & lt iliac region | right and left sides over the hip bones |
| epigastric region | above the stomach |
| umbilical | center; middle of the stomach (belly button) |
| hypogastric region | below the stomach |
| sign | objective evidence of a disease |
| symptom | patient reported (subjective) evidence of diease |
| laceration | torn/jagged wound |
| lesion | change of the tissues due to disease or injury |
| palpation | examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size and location of certain body parts |
| palpitation | pounding or racing of the heart |
| diagnosis (Dx) | the identification of disease |
| prognosis (prog) | the prediction or probable course/outcome of a disease |
| infection | invasion of the body by pathogens |
| inflammation (inflam) | localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues |
| chronic illness | illness that has a long duration and rarely cured |
| acute illness | illness that has a quick onset and/or lasts for a short duration |
| remission | temporary/partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of disease without achieving a cure |
| -algia | pain and suffering |
| dys- | difficult, painful or bad |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| hyper- | over, above or increased |
| hypo- | below, under or decreased |
| -osis | a disease or abnormal condition |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhage/-rrhagia | sudden abnormal or excessive flow |
| -rrhaphy | to suture or stitch |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arthr/o | joint |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | large or enlargement |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| my/o | muscle |
| -necrosis | tissue death |
| neur/o | nerve |
| -ology | study of |
| -pathy | disease |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| diff Dx | differential diagnosis |
| Inflam | Inflammation |
| Aden/o | gland |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| -oma | tumor |
| A- or An- | without |
| Genetic Disorders | pathologic conditions caused by absent or defective genes |
| Endemic | ongoing presence of a disease within a population (Ex: the common cold) |
| Epidemic | sudden/widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area (Ex: measles) |
| Pandemic | outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area or worldwide (Ex: AIDS) |
| Functional disease | symptoms for which no physiological/anatomical cause can be identified (Ex: irritable bowel syndrome) |
| Iatrogenic illness | unfavorable response to medical treatment (Ex: side effects from medication) |
| Idiopathic disease | illness without known cause (Ex: Crohn’s disease) |
| Infectious disease | caused by living pathogenic organisms (Ex: flu) |
| Nosocomial Infection | infection acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| Organic Disirder | caused by detectable physical changes in the body (Ex: Diabetes) |
| Congenital Disorder | abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| -ologist | specialist |
| CD | communicable disease |
| P | physiology or posterior |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| PKU | Phenylketonuria |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Kyph/o | hump |
| Lord/o | swayback curve/bent backward |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Spondyl/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
| -lysis | loosening / setting free (therapeutic) or breaking down/destruction (diseased condition) |
| Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) | used to treat certain types of cancers (leukemia |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | joint inflammation caused by the body’s immune system attacking its own joint tissues |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | bone/joint inflammation caused by “wear-and-tear” of cartilage at the joints |
| Kyphosis | abnormal increase of the outward curvature of the spine (humpback) |
| Lordosis | abnormal increase of the forward curvature (swayback) |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (sideways) |
| Comminuted fracture (Fx) | bone is splintered/crushed into pieces |
| Greenstick fracture (Fx) | bone is bent/partially broken (usually in children) |
| Open fracture (Fx) | bone is broken out to the surface of the skin |
| Spiral fracture (Fx) | bone is broken by a twisting motion (usually in sports injuries) |
| Stress fracture (Fx) | small crack in the bone from overuse or chronic/excessive impact |
| BMT | Bone Marrow Transplant |
| Fx | Fracture |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| Brady- | slow |
| Tachy- | fast |
| -cele | hernia |
| -desis | bind/tie together; surgical suturing |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -ia | condition |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| CFS | Chronic Fatigue Syndrome |
| prog | prognosis |
| A | anterior |
| ADL | Activities of Daily Living |
| RT | Related To |
| sign | objective evidence of a disease |
| symptom | patient reported (subjective) evidence of diease |
| diagnosis (Dx) | the identification of disease |
| prognosis (prog) | the prediction or probable course/outcome of a disease |
| infection | invasion of the body by pathogens |
| inflammation (inflam) | localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues |
| remission | temporary/partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of disease without achieving a cure |
| Angi/o or Vascul/o | blood vessel |
| Ather/o | fatty plaque or substance |
| Cardi/o or Card/o | heart |
| Cyt/o or -cyte | cell |
| Erythr/o | red |
| Hem/o or Hemat/o | blood |
| Leuk/o | white |
| Phleb/o | vein |
| Thromb/o | clot |
| -gram | picture or record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -lytic | to destroy |
| -penia | deficiency |
| Endo- | within |
| Epi- | above/upon |
| Peri- | surrounding |
| Erythrocytes | Red (blood) cell- carry oxygen |
| Leukocytes | White (blood) cell- fight infection |
| Thrombocytes | Clotting cell (Platelet)- clot blood |
| Angina | episode of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | episode where there is a total blockage of blood flow to the myocardium |
| Thrombus | blood clot attached to the wall of a blood vessel (stationary) |
| Embolus | foreign object (blood clot/air/tissue/fat/tumor) that circulates in the blood vessels (traveling) |
| Cardiac Arrest | when the heart abruptly stops or develops an abnormal rhythm that prevents it from pumping blood |
| Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib) | rapid/irregular/uncontrolled heartbeat originating from the atria |
| Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib) | rapid/irregular/uncontrolled heartbeat originating from the ventricles |
| Arrhythmia | abnormality or loss of normal rhythm in the heartbeat |
| Automated External Defibrillator (AED) | portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias |
| Defibrillation | shock that stops fibrillation, allowing the heart to reestablish a normal rhythm |
| A-Fib | atrial fibrillation |
| chol | cholesterol |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| EKG or ECG | electrocardiogram |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| V-fib | ventricular fibrillation |
| Allergist | specialist in allergic reactions |
| Antigen | any substance that the body sees as being foreign |
| Allergen | any substance that produces an allergic reaction |
| Allergy | overreaction by the body to a particular antigen |
| Anaphylaxis | a severe response to an allergen |
| Immunologist | specialist in the immune system |
| Autoimmune Disorder | condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues |
| Immunodeficiency Disorder | condition in which the immune response in compromised |
| Immunotherapy | treatment of the immune system (involves stimulating the immune response) |
| Immunosuppressant | type of medication that prevents/reduces the body’s normal immune response |
| Oncologist | specialist in the prevention/causes/ treatments of tumors and cancer |
| Tumor | abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled cell multiplication |
| Benign | not life-threatening |
| Malginant | potentially life-threatening |
| Cancer | class of diseases with uncontrolled cell multiplication and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues |
| Metastasize | process by which cancer spreads |
| Metastasis | change beyond control (new cancer site that results from the spreading process) |
| Anti- | against |
| Lymphaden/o | lymph node |
| Lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| Lymph/o | lymph |
| Lymphocyt/o | white blood cell |
| Sarc/o | flesh |
| -genesis | creation or reproduction |
| Tox/o or -toxic | poison |
| T-Lymphocytes | produced in the Thymus; phagocytes (cells that eat) |
| B-Lymphocytes | antibodies (immunoglobulins) |
| Crani/o | skull |
| Dors/o | back of body |
| Kines/o | movement |
| Laryng/o | throat |
| Ot/o | ear |
| Poster/o | behind, toward the back |
| Rhin/o | nose |
| Ten/Tendin/o | tendon |
| Ton/o | tone, tension, stretching |
| Ventr/o | in front, belly side of body |
| -clasis | break down |
| -paresis | partial or incomplete paralysis |
| -plegia | full paralysis |
| -Hemi- | half |
| aneurysm | localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of an arterial wall |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| abd | abdomen |
| ant | anterior |
| D | dorsal |
| FMS | fibromyalgia syndrome |
| hemi | hemiplegia |
| MD | Muscular Dystrophy |
| MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
| quad | quadraplegic |
| ventr | ventral |
| Asbest/o | asbestos (insulation particles) |
| Aer/o | air |
| Angi/o | blood vessel |
| Anthrac/o | coal dust |
| Atel/o | incomplete |
| Bronch/o | bronchus |
| Capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| Carcin/o | cancer |
| Caus/o | burning |
| Chem/o | chemical |
| Col/o | colon (large intestine) |
| Coni/o | dust |
| Cyan/o | blue |
| Cyst/o | bladder |
| Cyt/o | cell |
| Duoden/o | duodenum (1st section of the small intestine) |
| Electr/o | electric |
| Encephal/o | brain |
| Enter/o | small intestines |
| Gastr/o | stomach |
| Hem/o or Hemat/o | blood |
| Ile/o | ileum (2nd section of the small intestines) |
| Immun/o | protected/safe |
| Klept/o | to steal |
| Laryng/o | larynx (voicebox) |
| Leuk/o | white |
| Lith/o or –lith | stone |
| Lymphaden/o | lymph node (gland) |
| Lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| Lymphocyt/o | lymph cell |
| My/o | muscle |
| Myc/o | fungus |
| Nephr/o | kidney |
| Olig/o | scanty |
| Ot/o | ear |
| Ox/i | oxygen |
| Palat/o | palate |
| Pneum/o or Pneumon/o | lung |
| Phag/o | eat/swallow |
| Pharyng/o | pharynx |
| Phon/o | voice |
| Proct/o | rectum |
| Pulmon/o | lung |
| Py/o | pus |
| Pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| Pyr/o | fire/burning |
| Rhin/o | nose |
| Sarc/o | flesh |
| Spir/o | to breathe |
| Stomat/o or –stomia | mouth |
| Thromb/o | clot |
| Trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| Trichotill/o | hair pulling |
| Ur/o or –uria | urine/urination |
| Ureter/o | ureter (tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder) |
| Urethr/o | urethra (tube that carries urine from the bladder to be excreted out of the body) |
| Xer/o | dry |
| -algia | pain |
| -cele | hernia/protrusion |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| -cyte | cell |
| -ectasis | stretching |
| -edema | swelling |
| -emesis | vomiting |
| -esthesia | sensation/feeling |
| -genesis | creation |
| -gram | picture or record |
| -graphy | process of producing a picture/record |
| -ia | condition |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -lithiasis | presence of stones |
| -mania | madness |
| -meter | means to measure |
| -ologist or –iatrist | specialist |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -ostomy | surgical creation of an artificial opening |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -phagia | swallowing |
| -plasm | formative material |
| -plastic | pertaining to formation |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -poetic | formation |
| -ptosis | prolapse/drooping/sagging |
| -pytsis | spitting |
| -rrhagia | bleeding |
| -rrhea | abnormal flow or discharge |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -stasis | control |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -thorax | chest |
| -toxic | pertaining to poison |
| -tripsy | to crush |
| A- | without/absence |
| Anti- | against |
| Brachy- | short |
| Brady- | slow |
| Dys- | bad/difficult/painful |
| Hyper- | excessive/increased |
| Hypo- | deficient/decreased |
| Neo- | new or strange |
| Tachy- | fast |
| Tele- | far |
| Aspiration Pneumonia | type of pneumonia that occurs when a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs |
| Asthma | chronic allergic disease characterized by episodes of bronchospasms and wheezing |
| Cystic Fibrosis | genetic disorder in which there is an accumulation of mucus in the lungs and digestive tract |
| Bariatrics | branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and treatment of obesity |
| Bulemia | eating disorder characterized by binge eating and self-induced vomiting |
| Anorexia | eating disorder characterized by starvation and excessive exercise |
| Obesity | accumulation of excessive fat in the body |
| Eructation | the act of burping/belching |
| Regurgitation | the return of swallow contents into the esophagus/mouth |
| Crohn’s Disease | chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation/irritation in the deep layers of the large intestines (sporadic; cobblestone appearance) |
| Ulcerative Colitis | chronic disease with inflammation/irritation in the surface layers of the large intestines; continuous) |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of the small pouches (within the small intestines) |
| Volvulus | twisting of the intestines on itself |
| Intussusception | telescoping of the intestines on itself |
| Melena | black and tarry stools containing digested blood |
| Enuresis | involuntary urination |
| Diuresis | increased output of urination |
| Incontinence | involuntary excretion of urine/feces |
| Catheterization | procedure in which a tube is inserted into the urethra to remove urine from the bladder |
| Ultrasonography | process of producing a 3D picture using soundwaves |
| Echoencephalography | process of producing a 2D picture of the brain using soundwaves |
| Anesthesiologist | physician qualified to administer anesthetic agents |
| Anesthetist | RN qualified to administer anesthetic agents |
| Local Anesthetic | medication to induce anesthesia in a specific area |
| Regional Anesthetic | medication to induce anesthesia in a large area |
| General Anesthetic | medication to induce anesthesia that affects the entire brain and body |
| Antipsychotic | medication that works against psychotic disorders |
| Anxiolytic | medication that works against anxiety (sedative |
| Anesthetic | medication to induce anesthesia |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | disruption of brain flow caused by a bleed |
| Ischemic Stroke | disruption of brain flow caused by a blockage |
| Syncope | fainting |
| Lethargy | lowered level of consciousness (drowsiness/apathy/reduced activity) |
| Coma | deep state of unconsciousness without spontaneous eye movement/response to pain |
| Concussion | violent shaking (jarring) of the brain |
| Contusion | bruising of brain tissue |
| Hematoma | a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain |
| Dementia | general decline in mental abilities |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | progressive deterioration of the brain structures that affect thought/memory |
| Parkinson’s Disease | progressive loss of control over muscle movements (tremors/bradykinesia/shuffling gait) |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | progressive deterioration of muscle related to the loss of nerve function |
| Multiple Sclerosis | autoimmune disease caused by the deterioration or demyelination of the myelin sheath of nerves |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | autoimmune illness that causes a temporary paralysis related to the inflammation of the myelin sheath of nerves |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia | temporary lightning-like pain that occurs suddenly to one side of the face |
| Bell’s Palsy | temporary paralysis on one side of the face |
| Psychologist | specialist of the mind |
| physician specialist of the min who CAN prescribe medications | Psychiatrist |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | characterized by recurrent/unwanted obsessions and compulsions (impulses to act) |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | symptoms of anxiety/sleep disorders/difficulty concentrating/emotional disturbances that may develop after a traumatic event |
| Panic Attack | intense emotional feelings (fear/terror) with physical symptoms |
| Hypochondriasis | fear that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation |
| Factitious Disorder | condition in which an individual acts as if he/she has a physical illness when he/she is not really sick. This may include self-inflicted symptoms |
| Schizophrenia | characterized by withdrawal from reality and disorganized thinking (with delusions and hallucinations) |
| Chol/e | bile, gall |
| Bulla | large blister (contains watery fluid) |
| Cicatrix | normal scar |
| Keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar |
| Onychcryptosis | abnormal condition of hidden nail (ingrown toenail) |
| Onychomycosis | abnormal condition of nail fungus |
| Onychophagia | condition of nail eating (nail biting) |
| Melanosis | abnormal condition of black (pigmentation on different parts of the body) |
| Vitiligo | loss of pigment in areas of the skin resulting in milk-white patches (destruction of melanocytes) |
| Macule | discolored flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter (freckles or flat moles) |
| Pustule | small elevation of skin containing pus (pimple) |
| Vesicle | small blister (contains a watery fluid) |
| Lupus Erythematosus | autoimmune disorder with a red-scaly rash on the face and upper trunk (also attacks other body tissues) |
| Scleroderma | autoimmune disorder in which the tissues become thick and hardened |
| Nevi | Moles |
| Psoriasis | autoimmune disease where there are flare-ups with silvery plaques |
| Anginography | a medical imaging procedure that uses X-rays and a special contrast dye to visualize blood vessels and the heart |
| viscer/o | visceral (internal organs) |
| Etiology | cause of disease |
| somat/o | body or bodily |
| Anabolism | is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, which uses energy |
| Catabolism | the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism. |
| Anti-fungal | treats dermatophytes/yeasts (tinea, candidiasis). |
| Antipruritic | itch-relieving agent (e.g., antihistamines, lotions). |
| Aloplecia | hair loss |
Created by:
vorachekt
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