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Chapter 11
Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| who are Romulus and Remus? | legendary twins who founded Rome in 753 B.C.E. |
| what did the Etruscans do? | dominated Italy eighth to fifth centuries B.C.E. |
| where was the kingdom of rome located? | On the Tiber River |
| What did the Republican constitution include? | Councils and military |
| council & senate: | represented the interests of the patricians |
| Who were the tribunes? | officials chosen to protect plebeians interests, and they dominated Roman politics, early third century B.C.E. |
| who did Rome have conflict with? | Carthage (Punic Wars) and Hellenistic realms |
| expansion of the republic: | Rome had superior power in eastern and western Mediterranean |
| The Gracchi brothers | supported land redistribution |
| who did Military commanders recruit? | rural and urban poor--intensely loyal armies |
| who is Gaius Marius? | general who advocated land redistribution |
| what did Imperial expansion and domestic problems cause? | civil war, and different ideologies |
| who is Julius Caesar? | very popular social reformer and conqueror (Gaul) |
| what did Julius do? | -Seized Rome in 49 B.C.E. -Claimed the title "dictator for life," 46 B.C.E. -Social reforms and centralized control |
| What did Octavion (Augustus) do? | -brought civil conflict to an end -new standing army under his control -Monarchy disguised as a republic -imperial institutions began to take root |
| Rome expansion: | Mediterranean basin, western Europe, down Nile to Kush |
| Well-engineered Roman roads: | postal system |
| Roman law--tradition: | twelve tables (450 B.C.E.) |
| Pax romana: | Lasted two and a half centuries |
| what is latifundia? | large landed estate or ranch in ancient Rome, typically worked by slaves. |
| Mediterranean trade | -Sea lanes linked ports -free of pirates -became a Roman lake |
| city of rome attractions: | pools, fountains, arches, temples, stadiums, baths, gymnasia, circuses, & amphitheaters |
| city of rome success: | -Wealth -First use of concrete as construction material -attracted numerous immigrants |
| how were pater familias? | -eldest male of the family ruled -women supervised family business and wealthy estates |
| what were the social classes? | -rich classes-lavish lives -Cultivators and urban masses lived at subsistence level -Poor classes became a serious problem |
| how important was slavery? | -one-third of the population -Urban slaves saw better conditions |
| what is stoicism? | greek influence |
| who is Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.)? | persuasive orator and writer on Stoicism |
| what two things were popular in roman society? | Mithraism and cult of Goddess Isis |
| how did religion spread? | through roman roads ( trade routes) |
| what did Jesus of Nazareth teach? | devotion to God and love for human beings |
| what happened to Jesus? | -Crucifixion in early 30s C.E. -Became "Christ," or "the anointed one" |
| what did The New Testament and the Old Testament become? | the holy book of Christianity |
| how did christianity grow/expand? | -Strong appeal to lower classes, urban population, and women -most influential faith in the Mediterranean by the third century C.E. |
Created by:
monse3102
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