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Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When and where did the Minoan society rise? | On the island of Crete, late third millennium B.C.E. |
| Who was the center of the Mediterranean commerce during 2200 and 1450 B.C.E.? | Minoan society |
| How did Phoenicia and Egypt influence their society? | -Advanced sailing craft of Phoenician design -Ships sailed to Greece, Anatolia, Phoenicia and Egypt |
| Why did the Minoan society decline? | Natural disasters and fell under foreign domination after invaders attacked. |
| What is Minoan Linear A? | An early form of Greek used to record economic and commercial matters. |
| Who started the Mycenaean society? | Indo-European immigrants that settled in Greece |
| What attracted settlers to build small agricultural communities? | Stone fortresses in Peloponnesus that served as protection. |
| 1500 to 1100 B.C.E.? | The Mycenaean society overpowered Minoan society and expanded to Anatolia, Sicily and Italy |
| How did chaos in the E Mediterranean affect their society? | Invasions and civil disturbances made it possible to maintain stable governments or even productive agricultural societies. |
| What happened after the Trojan War? | Mycenaean palaces fell into ruin and their population fled to different places. |
| Polis | A bustling city: states that functioned as the principal centers of Greek society |
| Helots | Unfree servants of the Spartan state, they kept society stocked with food |
| How did Sparta begin to extend control during the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E.? | They devoted most of their resources to maintain a powerful and disciplined military machine |
| What did the Sparta society consist of? | -Discouraged social distinction; Distinction was drawn by prowess, discipline and military talent. |
| How did Athens expand political base? | -Wanted to negotiate order by democratic principles -Citizenship was open to free adult males, slaves and women -Opened political offices |
| What did Maritime trade prosperity bring? | -Gave more wealth and power to aristocrats -Owners of small plots fell in debt which led to pushing them into slavery |
| What was the cause of the brutal civil wars? | Class tension became intensified in the sixth century B.C.E. |
| What happened during the late sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E.? | Athens turned into a democratic state, could not exclude anyone from anything |
| Who was the most popular Athenian leader in 461 B.C.E.? | Pericles, who converted Athens into the education of Greece |
| How did Greek Colonization help? | -Facilitated trade among Mediterranean lands and people -Spread of the Greek language and cultural traditions -Stimulated development of surrounding areas |
| What did the conflict with Persia result in? | -The Persian War -Battle of Marathon Athen won -Xerxes tried to seize Athens; his navy lost battle of Salamis |
| Delian League? | Discourage further Persian actions in Greece, Athens was the leader of the League and obtained many things in their favor |
| What occurred in the Persian War? | Sparta forced Athens into an unconditional surrender |
| What did Phillip of Macedon do and when? | Brought Greece under control Reigned 359-336 B.C.E. |
| What did Alexander of Macedon do? | -Succeeds Philip at age twenty -Controlled Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia in 331 B.C.E. -Invaded Persian homeland and burned Persepolis -Crossed the Indus River |
| Hellenistic Empires? | Antigonid, Ptolemaic & Seleucid |