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Pharm CT Q1
Parmacokinetics practice Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cimetidine/ Tagamet interferes with the cytochrome p450 enzyme pathway, impairing the body's ability to detoxify drugs. This adverse effect would be considered: | Hepatotoxic |
| Repeated doses of Heparin can cause Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia. This adverse effect would be considered: | Hematologic |
| Repeated doses of Valium given in rapid succession can add up to a dangerous level of over sedation. This "stacking" is a/an: | Cumulative effect |
| "Dig toxicity" is a constant concern with Digitalis because Digitalis: | Has a narrow Therapeutic Index |
| A severe allergic reaction involving more than once organ system is: | Anaphylaxis |
| What type of drug interaction indicates that one medication may reverse the effect of another? | Antagonistic |
| In pharmacology, antagonistic is sort of synonymous with: | Antidote |
| What type of drugs are often bound to HCl in order to administer them intravenously? | Lipid soluble drugs |
| Why are lipid soluble drugs bound to HCl? | Lipids cannot be given directly into the bloodstream, the acid makes them water soluble |
| Which drugs when given intravenously require you to tell your patient "A poke and a burn"? | Lipid soluble drugs |
| Drugs that block ion channels (such as calcium channel blockers) work by: | Alteration of cell membrane permeability |
| ED 50= | The dose of a drug that provides 50% of the optimal response |
| LD50/ED50 = | TI |
| Biotransformation of drugs most often takes place in what cells? | Hepatocytes |
| Antidotes block specific receptor sites through a process called: | Competitive inhibition |
| 1mg= | 1000micrograms |
| Blood dyscrasias or diatheses are: | Permanent abnormality of platelets |
| Administering a drug according to a sliding scale, such as insulin dosage based on blood glucose level, is a form of drug | Titration |
| Elderly persons may have more active drug circulating in their blood stream because they have less bound to the plasma protein: | Albumin |
| Twenty percent of hospitalizations for patients over the age of 65 are for adverse effects of medications. Illness due to drug reactions or interactions can be referred to as: | Iatrogenic |
| Radiographic contrast, as well as some antibiotics may be nephrotoxic. Which of the following conditions is an example of nephrotoxicity? | Acute tubular necrosis |
| Potentiation is a form of: | Synergism |
| A water soluble drub binds to a cell membrane receptor. In order to cause a change in an intracellular enzyme, a/an _____ must be activated | Second messenger |
| The dose of a drug that would kill 50% of the animals it was tested on would be : | LD 50 |
| The does of a drug that provides 50% of the maximal response is: | ED 50 |
| Therapeutic Index TI gives and estimate of relative safety. TI = | LD/ED |
| After digestion drugs pass from the portal vein to be biotransformed in the: | CYP 450 Pathway |
| Lipid Soluble Drugs: | *Pass through the cell membrane directly into the cell; *Do not require a cell membrane receptor to work; * May be stored in body fat; * May be eliminated more slowly from the body than water soluble drugs |
| Grapefruit and Tagamet are examples of interference with he cytochrome p450 enzyme pathway's ability to detoxify calcium channel blockers. This could cause blood levels of the drug to: | Increase |
| Permanent abnormality of platelets caused by medications would be a | blood dyscrasia |
| Most biotransformation or detoxification of drugs takes place in the | liver |
| Most elimination of drugs takes place in the | kidneys |
| A drug which causes severe congenital defects would be called: | Teratogenic |
| Tachyphylaxis (rapid loss of effectiveness) occurs through: | Accelerated biotransformation by the liver |
| TI = LD/ED | Therapeutic Index |
| Synergism | Potentiation |
| Paradoxical | Idiosyncratic |
| Hepatocytes | Detoxify drugs |
| Cytochrome p450 | Enzyme pathway in liver |
| Cell membrane stabilizers | Effect ion channels |
| Nephrotoxicity | Acute tubular necrosis |
| Stacking | Cumulative effect |
| Abnormality of platelets | Blood dyscrasia |
| T1/2 | Therapeutic half life |
| Causes genetic defects | Mutagenic |
| Antidote | Reversal agent |
| Cimetidine/Tagamet interferes with the cytochrome p450 enzyme pathway, impairing the body's ability to detoxify drugs. This adverse effect would be considered: | Hepatotoxic |
| Drugs tested in vitro are tested in: | test tubes |
| Drugs tested in vivo are tested: | in the body |
| CYP 450 is an: | Enzyme with a wavelength of 450 nanometers |
| The population at greatest risk of polypharmacy is: | the elderly |
| True or false" An adverse drug reaction is any drug effect other than what is therapeutically intended" | False |
| True or False: As an individual ages in the late adulthood phase of life the liver's ability to metabolize increases as a result of increased blood flow | False |
| True or false: The patient's age is a factor which can influence a drug's action and effect | True |
| "First pass" through the ______________ refers to the detoxification of a drug as it completes one trip through the circulation. | Liver |
| Your patient, Ms. Anita Graft is receiving a new medication which must pass through the liver in order to be chemically changed into the active form of the drug. The transformed medication that leaves the liver is called a/an: | Active metabolite |
| Most drugs are eliminated from the body by: | Renal filtration |
| Mechanisms of drug action include: | *Enzyme inhibition; *Enzyme stimulation; *Alteration of cell membrane permeability;* interactions with neurotransmitters |
| A patient receiving Valium for sedation, instead becomes agitated. Such an adverse reaction would be described as: | Idiosyncratic |
| Using one drug to enhance the effect of another is an example of: | Potentiation |
| Interactions with neurotransmitters usually refers to which types of drugs? | Sedatives and analgesics |
| Which drugs alter the cell membrane permeability? | Antiarrythmics |
| In competitive inhibition what is competing? | Agonists and antagonists |
| What type of drug interaction indicates that 2 or more meds work together more powerfully than they would alone? | Synergistic |
| Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, caffeine is a stimulant. The biological interaction of these two drugs would demonstrate: | Physiologic antagonism |
| Cell membrane stabilizing drugs operate on: | Ion shifts in and out of cells |
| Which type of drugs operate on nerve conduction via neurotransmitters: | Serotonin, Benzodiazepines |
| What works on protein synthesis in the ribosomes | Synthroid |
| What is responsible for biotransformation in the liver? | CYp450 |
| Competitive Inhibition | The effect of one drug canceling out the effect of another |
| Give an example of mutagenic | two drugs given together cause birth defects |
| What is it called when two drugs together cause a paradoxical reaction? | Idiosyncratic |
| Give an example of drug synergy | One drug potentiates or enhances the effect of another drug |
| Epinephrine binds to an adrenergic receptor in the heart. After a period of time the cell nucleus responds to prolonged overstimulation which caused the receptors to be withdrawn into the cell by endocytosis. What is this called | Down regulation |
| What is deamination? | The break down of proteins into enzymes |
| True or False: Net activity of a drug depends on its affinity for the receptor | True- Receptors have a lock shape for a certain key |
| Second messenger cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate is required for the action of: | Water soluble drugs |
| An adrenergic agonist would: | Stimulate sympathetic nervous system receptors |
| A calcium channel agonist would: | Block the movement of calcium ions into the cell |
| Stacking means: | The delayed, cumulative effect of repeated doses of a drug |
| Dig toxicity is a constant concern with Digitalis because Digitalis: | Has a narrow Therapeutic Index |
| A severe allergic reaction involving more than one organ system is | Anaphylaxis |
| What type of drug interaction indicates that one medication may reverse the effect of another? | Antagonistic (like chewing gum in a lock; the key wont work anymore) |
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ICVT2b
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