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Chapter 9
State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Mauryan dynasty: Chandragupta Maurya | -Began conquest in 320s B.C.E. -Founded Maurya dynasty stretching from Bactria to Ganges. -Arthashastra, outlined administrative methods. |
Ashoka Maurya | -(reigned 286-232 B.C.E) -Conquered kingdom of Kalinga, 260 B.C.E. -Ruled through tightly organized bureaucracy -Established capital of Pataliputra. -Wrote policies on rocks and pillars and empire declined after his death cause of financial probs. |
Empire under Guptas | -Bactrians ruled in northwest India for 2 centuries. -Crucial role in silk road. -White huns invaded weakening the empire. -Large regional kingdoms dominated political life in India. |
Town and Trade | -Towns provided manufactured products/luxary goods. -Trade with Persia, China, Southeast Asia and more. |
Family and caste system | -Patriarchal family -Social groups of artisans, craftsmen, and merchants -social groups: sub castes or jati -values/beliefs of old Aryan society became irrelevant. |
Janism | -Vardhamana Mahavira (Jina) founder of Jain religion -Everything in universe has a soul -Purify ones selfishness to attain bliss -non violence towards all living things Don't recognize social hierarchies or caste of jati. |
Mahayana Buddhism | -Made heavy demands on individuals -Buddha became a God -"an enlighten being" -Monasteries began recieving gifts from wealthy. -Edu institutes promoted new faith |
Popular Hinduism | -Epics Mahabharata: Secular poem revised by Abraham scholars to honor Vishnu. - The Bhagavad Gita: Short poetic work, illustrated expectations of of Hinduism/promise of salvation |
Hindu Ethics | -Achieve salvation through meeting caste responsibilities -Lead honorable lives - Hinduism gradually replaced buddhism in India. |