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Chapter 9
State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was caused by the withdrawal of Alexander of Macedon? | Magadha kingdom filled power vacuum. |
| What did Kautala's advice manual have? | Arthashastra outlined administrative methods. |
| Who was the first emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty? | Chandragupta Maurya |
| Who conquered the kingdom of Kalinga? | Ashoka Maurya |
| Where did Ashoka Maurya establish the capital? | Pataliputra |
| Why did the Mauryan dynasty/empire decline? | After the death of Ashoka, the empire declined due to financial issues |
| Who ruled in NW India for two centuries? | Greek-speaking Bactrians |
| Who were the Kushans? | Nomads from Central India that conquered and ruled circa 1-300 C.E. |
| Who founded the Gupta Dynasty? | Chandra Gupta |
| What weakened the Gupta empire? | Invasion of the White Huns |
| What were the gender relations? | Patriarchal families, female subordination and child marriage. |
| Jati | -Social groups, such as, artisans, craftsmen and merchants that were sub castes. -Maintained social order in India |
| Caste system: | BRAHMINS -priests KSHATRIYAS -warriors and rulers VAISHYAS -skilled traders, merchants and minor officials SHUDRAS -unskilled workers |
| Who founded the Jain religion? | Vardhamana Mahavira (5th century B.C.E.) |
| Jainist Doctrine and ethics: | -Everything has a soul -In order to attain a state of bliss one must strive to purify selfish behavior |
| Principle of ahimsa: | Nonviolence toward all things living |
| Who became the Buddha? | Siddhartha Gautama |
| Where was Buddha's first sermon? | Deer Park of Sarnath (around 528 B.C.E.) |
| Buddhist doctrine: | -The dharma -suffering is caused by desire |
| What is the way to end suffering, according to Buddhism? | The Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path |
| Religious goal of Buddhists: | -Personal salvation -Nirvana -Perfect spiritual independence |
| Who was Ashoka? | Converted to Buddhism and became an important patron. |
| Mahayana Buddhism | -Buddha became a god -boddhisatva: "an enlightened being" -Educational institutions promoted new faith |
| What is Mahabharata? | A secular poem revised by brahman scholars to honor the god Vishnu, the preserver of the world Ramayana, a secular story of Rama and Sita, was changed into a Hindu story |
| What is the Bhagavad Gita? | A short poetic work that was a dialogue between Vishnu and warrior and illustrates expectations of Hinduism and promise of salvation. |
| Hindu ethics: | -Achieve salvation through meeting the responsibilities of the caste and lead honorable lives |
Created by:
alexis3102
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