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Chapter 8
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Who was Confucius(551-479)? | A Chinese educator and philosopher that introduced moral and ethical principles. |
What are Confucius' key values? | Ren(humanity), Li(respect), Xiao(family obligation), and personal morality. |
Who was Xunzi(298-238 BC)? | A Chinese philosopher who differed from Confucian values. He preferred harsh social discipline because humans are selfish and evil. |
What is Taoism(Daoism)? | A Chinese philosophical tradition, founded by Laozi, that announces a life in harmony with nature. Questions and is against Confucianism. |
What was the Legalist Doctrine? | Political philosophy that stated that military force and agriculture strengthen the state, instead of nature and life values. |
How did Qin Dynasty unify China(221 BC)? | By conquering other states with iron weapons and powerful army. Created a strong economy based on agriculture. |
Who was Qin Shihuangdi(221 BC)? | The first emperor of Qin Dynasty. He established a centralized imperial rule and created a project of connecting a Great Wall. |
How did Qin Dynasty collapse(207BC)? | Great wall created massive public works, which eventually created a great illness. There were groups of rebels that threatened the dynasty. |
Han Dynasty | Centralized bureaucracy rule, had taxation system, monopolization of iron and salt, and had vast armies to conquer other territories. |
Han Dynasty Society | Was a Patriarchal society based on productivity. Women became more dependent, Ban Zhao even wrote a women lesson book. |
How was Han Society prosper and productive? | Iron Metallurgy brought weapons and tools, there was silk textiles and paper production. The population, mainly cultivators, grew 20-60 million(220 BC - 9 CE). |
Why was there social conflict? | Raised taxes and confiscated land began to affect manufacture and trade. There was a remarkable conflict between poor and rich for land distribution. |
Who was Wang Mang(9-23 CE)? | Known as the "Socialist Emperor", created land reforms when the conflict between poor and rich was intense. He was overthrown by revolts. |
How did Han Dynasty collapse(25-220 CE)? | Social tension caused rebellion against the government. China was divided into regional kingdoms. |
Why was Sima Qian castrated(99 BC)? | He contradicted the emperor's judgment of a dishonored general, who Sima Qian defended. |
What where the Analects? | It was the book of the collection of Confucius' sayings, values and ideas, written by his disciples. |
What is seen in Emperor Qin's tomb? | a great terra-cotta army of Qin soldiers and cavalry. |
Who was Han Wudi? | Named "the Martial Emperor", the greatest emperor of Han Dynasty and had the longest reign with 54 years. The Dynasty expanded the most at his reign. |