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chapter4 study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when did the Harrapan society begin? | 3000 B.C.E |
| Where did the harappan society begin? | Indus river valley. |
| What around it geographically? | North india, Hindu Kush and Himalayas. |
| What did they cultivate? | They cultivate barley and wheat. |
| Before 5000 B.C.E what did they cultivate? | They cultivate cotton. |
| What complex society was in 3000 B.C.E.? | Dravidians. |
| What were the main cities? | Harappa and Mohenjo-daro |
| what was strongly emphasized by religion? | fertility |
| what year did the Harappan society declined? | 1900 B.C.E. onward |
| What led the subsistence crisis? | Ecological degradation |
| What are cases of natural catastrophes? | floods or earthquakes |
| When did the Population began to abandon their cities? | 1700 B.C.E |
| when did the society almost entirely collapsed? | 1500 B.C.E. |
| what did the Aryans Depended on? | heavily on a pastoral economy |
| how did they orally transmitted works? | the vedas |
| what was there language? | Sanskrit |
| What was the daily language? | Prakit |
| When was the The Vedic Age? | 1500-500 B.C.E |
| What was there conflict in the boisterous period? | conflicts with indigenous peoples |
| What did they Called indigenous people? | dasas--"enemies" or "subject people" |
| who was the Aryans' war god and military hero? | Indra |
| when and were the Aryan migrations in India? | first Punjab and by 500 B.C.E. in northern Deccan |
| What did the social classes based on? | skin color |
| What were the social classes called? | varna that meant color |
| What were the Four main varnas? | brahmins (priests), kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats), vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants), shudras (landless peasants and serfs) |
| how was Jati determine? | subcastes, were determined by occupations |
| could Foreign peoples could find a place in society of the castes? | yes |
| when did The Lawbook of Manu started? | first century B.C.E. |
| what did the lawbook of manu contained? | Dealt with moral behavior and social relationships |
| what did it advise men to do? | to treat women with honor and respect |
| what were the women duties? | to bear children and maintain the household |
| what Gods did they have?of the sun, the sky, the moon, fire, health, disease | of the sun, the sky, the moon, fire, health, disease |
| what was the God Varuna about? | ethical concern, cosmic order |
| Priests were specialists of the how did the ritual sacrifices? | Priests were specialists |
| when did the Spirituality underwent a shift? | afther 800 B.C.E.. |
| What were The religious forums? | dialogues between disciples and sages |
| what is Brahman? | the universal soul |
| what was there Highest goal? | to escape reincarnation and join with Brahman |
| what is Samsara? | an individual soul was born many times |
| what is Karma? | specific incarnations that a soul experienced |
| what is Moksha? | permanent liberation from physical incarnation |
| what did Samsara and karma reinforced? | caste and social hierarchy |
| how were Upanishads? | spiritual and intellectual contemplations |
| what did they Taugh? | to observe high ethical standards: discourage greed, envy, vice |
| What was their diet? | vegetarian |
| why was it there diet be vegetarian? | respect all living things |
| Harrapan: Political | -Deposits and the rising water table are the causes of not having access to earliest remains. -No evidence of political system. |
| Harrapan:Interactions with environment | -Having the indus river gave them a benefit in agriculture. -Through north India. -Hindu Kush -Himalayas gave them protection. -River gave them rich deposits. -Floods and earthquakes declined the society. |
| Harrapan:Religious | -Believe in emphasizing fertility. |
| Harrapan:Arts/Architecture | -Broad streets -Market places -Temples -Public buildings -Standardized weights, measures, architectural styles and brick sizes. |
| Harrapan:Technology | -Fortified citadel -Large granary |
| Harrapan:Economics | -Based on agriculture(Wheat,barley,cotton) |
| Harrapan:Society | -Population abandon the cities in 1700 B.C.E. -Cultural tradition maintained after the society collapsed |
| Aryan:Political | -Conflicts with indigenous people -The chiefdoms tough among themselves -Regional kingdoms -Social classes -Patriarchal/patrilineal society |
| Aryan:Interactions with environment | -In India -Also in Punjab -Northern Deccan |
| Aryan:Religious | -Indra:war god and military hero -Gods:sun,sky,moon,fire,health and disease -God Varuna:ethical concern and cosmetic order -Ritual sacrifices -Spirituality underwent -Religious language |
| Aryan:Technology | -No writing but transmitted work in something called Vedas -Sacred language :Sanskrit -Daily language Drakit -Used iron language |
| Aryan:Economics | -Pastoral economy -Developed agriculture |
| Aryan:Society | -Conflict with indigenous people -Social classes based on skin color -Foreign could also join society -Religious was important for the people |
| Dravidian:Political | -Aryan were trying to take over(End up mixing together) |
| Dravidian:Interaction with environment | -South Asia -Indian subcontinent -Indus river |
| Dravidian:Religious |
Created by:
carla2019
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