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Chapter 4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Harappan | 1. earliest urban society in India that brought wealth and power 2. has a lack of written records |
Harappan Politics | 1.Unknown evidence because civilization disappeared 2.No royal rule or any authority 3. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had tax centers |
Harappan interactions with Environment and geography | 1. Indus River gave agricultural society and it also helped people harvest wheat,barley, and cotton 2.domesticated chickens and ate beef from domesticated animals 3. traded decorative items with resources |
Harappan Religion | 1. They were polytheistic and had nature deities 2. great concern for fertility |
Harappan art and architecture | 1. They had city walls,tax centers,public buildings,pools 2.beads for trading and writing was very complicated to comprehend |
Harappan Technology | 1. complicated writing 2. metal metallurgy |
Harappan Economics | 1. residential with broad streets 2.traded for gold,silver,copper,lead,gems, and precious stones 3.traded metals with ships |
Harappan Social | 1. agricultural economy and society 2. specialized labor 3. distinctions of wealthy houses |
Dravidian | 1. Dravidians are native speakers |
Dravidian Politics | 1.led by Indra 2.it had an municipal government |
Dravidian interactions with Environment and geography | 1.one main source was the Indus River 2. agricultural society |
Dravidian Religion | 1.they has religious teachings 2. believed in nature spirits which influenced hinduism |
Dravidian art and architecture | 1.had gold.copper,bronze and, metallurgy 2. the houses has many floors |
Dravidian Technology | 1.*sewage systems* 2. iron tools |
Dravidian Economics | 1.mostly agriculture 2. traded and artisans |
Dravidian Social | 1.both doctrines reinforced caste ans social hierarchy |
Aryans | 1. a herd of people who migrated to South Asia as a large number in 1500 b.c.e |
Aryans Politics | 1.ruled by kings and rulers 2.cultures spreads from Indus to the Ganges River 3. duty of the king was the protection of his subjects, property, and maintenance of peace |
Aryans interactions with Environment and geography | 1. establisment on small herding and agricultural communites 2. prized horses,also herds of cattle 3.consumed dairy products and beef |
Aryans Religion | 1.indian gods continue to be worshiped 2.Aryans bring new gods and scriptures called Vedas 3.combine to create Hinduism |
Aryans art and architecture | 1.stautes 2.paintings 3.temples symbolize and embody the gods and their powers |
Aryans Technology | 1. created iron tools, axes, also iron tipped plows 2. iron tipped plows cleared forests and established agricultural 3. stronger and more effective weapons |
Aryans Economics | 1.small self-sufficent agricultural communities 2.increased food productions (rice) 3.weapons 4.Barter system common 4.iron technology used as farm tools |
Aryans Social | 1.wealthy usually owned extensive hard of cattle 2.the Vedas brought about a new social structure 3.caste system limited social opportunities and determined who people could marry. |
citadel | 1.large buildings used for public gatherings,religious activities |
venerated | 1. having great respect for something 2.Harappans had great respect for god and goddess whom they associated with creation |
pantheon | 1. a temple designed for the emperor to make public appearances |
Rig Veda | 1. represented a priestly perspective on affairs 2. bed means "wisdom" or "knowledge" |
Indra | 1.indra is a Aryan god 2. Aryan praise Indra as a military hero who opened the way for the migrants to build a new society |
Raja | 1. a king who governed in collaboration with a council of village elders |
caste system | 1. determined the places that individuals and groups occupied in society 2. the word casta refers to a social class hereditary |
Varnas | 1. had an effect of enhancing the status and power of priestly and aristocratic classes 2. there is four different Varnas |
brahmins | 1. is one of the four Varnas 2. on of the most honorable human groups that would lead their societies 3.households used brahmins perform no fewer than five sacrifices per day |
kshatriyas | 1. was the Varnas of warriors and aristocrats 2.it's one of the most honorable human groups that would lead their societies |
Vaishyas | 1.is the third Varnas out of the four 2. its the Varnas of cultivators, artisans, and, merchants |
Shudras | 1. its the fourth Varnas 2.its the Varnas of landless peasants, and serfs |
"Law book of Manu" | 1.instructed proper moral behavior |
brahman | 1.an eternal, permanent foundation for all things that exit hence the only genuine reality 2. |
doctrine | 1. the two doctrines explain why individuals were born into their castes 2.the two doctrines are called "samsara" and the other is called "karma" |
karma | 1. its one of the two doctrines written 2.it was written to encounter the specific incarnations that souls experienced 3.those who had karma would suffer in a future incarnation |
8000-7000 B.C.E | Beginnings of agriculture in South Asia |
2500-2000 B.C.E | High point of Harappan society |
1900 B.C.E | Beginning of Harappan decline |
1500 B.C.E | Beginning of Aryan migration to India |
1500-500 B.C.E | Vedic age |
1400-900 B.C.E | Composition of the Rig Veda |
1000 B.C.E | Early Aryan migrations into the Ganges River valley |
1000 B.C.E | Emergence of varna distinctions |
1000-500 B.C.E | Formation of regional kingdoms in northern India |
800-400 B.C.E | Composition of the principal Upanishads |
750 B.C.E | Establishment of first Aryans cities in the Ganges valley |
500 B.C.E | Early Aryan migrations to the Deccan Plateau |