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Chapter 4
Vocabulary, Chronology, and Pirate Chart
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Citadel | a fortress that commands a city and is used in the control of the inhabitants and in defense during attack or siege. |
| Harappan | of or relating to Harappa, especially the Bronze Age culture of the Indus valley civilization. |
| Venerated | regard with great respect; revere. |
| Pantheon | a public building containing tombs or memorials of the illustrious dead of a nation. |
| Aryans | The Aryans were a herding people who spoke an Indo-European language and who migrated to south Asia in large numbers after 1500 B.C.E. |
| Rig veda | a collection of some 1,028 hymns addressed to Aryan gods |
| Indra | Aryan war god and military hero, as one who ravaged citadels, that most likely smashed dams, and destroyed forts the way age consumes cloth garments. |
| Raja | Raja: A Sanskrit term related to the Latin word rex (“king”) |
| Caste system | caste system served as a principal foundation of social organization |
| Varnas | the Aryans most likely recognized four main Varnas |
| Brahmins | brahmins (priests) |
| Kshatriyas | kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats) |
| Vaishyas | vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) |
| Shudras | shudras (landless peasants and serfs) |
| "Lawbook of manu" | Lawbook of Manu reflected the society constructed earlier under Aryan influence. |
| Brahman | participates in a larger cosmic order and forms a small part of a universal soul, known as Brahman. |
| Doctrine | a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group. |
| Karma | doctrine of karma, which accounted for the specific incarnations that souls experienced. |
| Dravidian | Dravidian peoples had established neolithic communities throughout much of the Indian subcontinent. |
| In what period did the Early Aryan migrated to the Deccan plateau? | During the period 500 B.C.E |
| In the first Aryan Cities, in what valley did they established during 750 B.C.E? | In the Ganges Valley |
| In what period did the composition of the principal Upanishads happened? | During the 800-400 B.C.E |
| In the northern India what kingdoms formatted during 1000-500 B.C.E? | The regional kingdoms |
| What kind of distinctions emerged during 1000 B.C.E? | Varna Distinctions |
| In what river did the Early Aryan migrated during 1000 B.C.E? | Into the Ganges River Valley |
| What period did the composition of the Rig Veda happened? | During 1400-900 B.C.E |
| In what period did the Vedic Age happened? | During the 1500-500 B.C.E |
| During the period 1500 B.C.E, did the Aryan began to migrate to? | India |
| In what period did the Harappan decline happened? | During the period 1900 B.C.E |
| During 2500-2000 B.C.E, what society had a high point? | Harappan Society |
| In what period did the Agriculture in South Asia began? | During the period 8000-7000 B.C.E |
| Political: Harappan | Harappan settled along the Indus Valley. |
| Interactions with Environment (Geography): Harappan | Harappans deforested the Indus valley to clear land for cultivation and to obtain firewood. |
| Religious: Harappan | It is impossible to characterize Harappan religious beliefs. |
| Arts and Architecture: Harappan | Archaeologists have discovered samples of Harappan writing dating as early as 3300 B.C.E. |
| Technology: Harappan | A variety of statues, figurines, and illustrations carved onto seals reflect a tradition of representational art as well as in gold, copper, and bronze metallurgy. |
| Economics: Harappan | Harappan dwellings that rich and poor lived in very different styles. |
| Society: Harappan | Society is the lack of deciphered: System of writing that used about focus hundred symbols to represent sounds and words, and archaeologist have discovered thousands of clay seals, copper tablets, and other artifacts with Harappan Inscriptions. |
| Political: Dravidian | Dravidians and other peoples already lived in India. |
| Interactions with Environment (Geography): Dravidian | Dravidian tongue related to those currently spoken in central and southern India. |
| Religious: Dravidian | Dravidian peoples had established neolithic communities. |
| Arts and Architecture: Dravidian | Dravidian agricultural techniques when they settled in villages. |
| Technology: Dravidian | The hymns, songs, and prayers collected in the Rig Veda throw considerable light on Aryan values during this period. |
| Economics: Dravidian | Dravidians of the Indus valley, attacking their cities and wrecking the irrigation systems that had supported agriculture in Harappan society. |
| Society: Dravidian | Dravidian peoples built a complex society that dominated the Indus River valley until after 1900 B.C.E |
| Political: Aryan | Aryans constitute an invasion or an organized military campaign. |
| Interactions with Environment (Geography): Aryan | The Aryans entered india and practiced a limited amount of agriculture |
| Religious: Aryan | The Aryans entered India with traditions and beliefs that met the needs of a mobile and often violent society. |
| Arts and Architecture: Aryan | Aryans to replenish their supplies of horseflesh by importing animals from central Asia. |
| Technology: Aryan | Aryan Craftsmen was more stronger and more effected weapon than those available to Harappan defenders. |
| Economics: Aryan | Aryans practiced a limited amount of agriculture, but they depended much more heavily on a pastoral economy. |
| Society: Aryan | Wealthy individuals in early Aryan society usually owned extensive herds of cattle. |
Created by:
estephaniezun2019
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