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Chapter 4
History.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Harappan society could have been centers of what? | Political and economic centers. |
| Where was the Harappan society developed? | In a valley of the Indus River. |
| Who did the Aryan people mixed and mingled with? | The Dravidians. |
| Where and when did the Dravidian people build their cities? | Early India. |
| Who was the chief deity of the Aryans? | Indra. |
| On what type of economy did the Aryans rely on? | They relied on a pastoral economy. |
| During what period of time was the Indian subcontinent a site of turmoil? | From 1500 BCE to 1000 BCE. |
| Why was the Harappan civilization's first years so mysterious? | Because of flooding. |
| What was a major system the Harappan civilization developed? | A sewage system. |
| With what two words could you summarize the Harappan economy? | Trade and travel. |
| Who did the Aryans have a connection with? | The Dravidians. |
| What other city looked like the Dravidians'? | The Harappan. |
| What were the innovations of the Dravidians? | Nonexistent. |
| Summarize the Dravidian economy with two words. | Trade and agriculture. |
| Summarize the main political system of the Aryans. | Tribe. |
| What were the innovations of the Aryans? | Nonexistent again. |
| Summarize the Aryan economy with one word. | Trade. |
| Social class of the Aryans? | Caste system. |
| Basic explanation of karma. | The sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. |
| Basic explanation of varna. | Each of the four Hindu castes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. |
| Basic explanation of moksha. | Release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. |
| Basic explanation of samara. | The cycle of death and rebirth to which life in the material world is bound. |
| Basic explanation of sati. | The former Hindu practice of a widow throwing herself onto her husband's funeral pyre. |
| Basic explanation of jati. | A Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter) |
| Basic definition of rajah. | An Indian king or prince. |
| Basic definition of tenements. | A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments. |
| Beginning of agriculture in south Asia? | 8000-7000 BCE. |
| High point of Harappan society? | 2500-2000 BCE. |
| Beginning of Harappan decline? | 1900 BCE. |
| Beginning of Aryan migration to India? | 1500 BCE. |
| Vedic Age? | 1500-500 BCE. |
| Composition of the Rig Veda? | 1400-900 BCE. |
| Early Aryan migrations into the Ganges River valley? | 1000 BCE. |
| Emergence of varna distinctions? | 1000 BCE. |
| Formation of regional kingdoms in northern India? | 1000-500 BCE. |
| Composition of the principal Upanishads? | 800-400 BCE. |
| Establishment of first Aryan cities in the Ganges valley? | 750 BCE. |
| Early Aryan migrations to the Deccan Plateau? | 500 BCE. |