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Ch. 4
World History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Citadel- | a fortress |
| Harappan- | the earliest urban society in India |
| venerated - | respect towards someone important |
| Pantheon- | a god, chief deitie of the aryans |
| Aryans | herding people who spoke an indo-European language and who migrated to south Asia in large numbers |
| Rig Veda | a collection of some 1,028 hymns adressed to aryan gods |
| Indra | the leader of the aryans |
| Raja | a Sanskrit term related to the Latin word rex who governed in collaboration with a council of village elders. |
| caste system | largely determined the places that individuals and groups occupied in society |
| Varnas | the four castes of the Vedic society |
| Brahmins | a social superior priest |
| Kshatriyas | a member of a second of the four hindu caste |
| Vaishas | a member of the third of the four hindu caste |
| Shudras | a member of the worker caste |
| "Law Book of Manu" | dealt with proper moral behavior and social relationships |
| Brahman | is an eternal, unchanging, permanent foundation for all things that exist hence the only genuine reality |
| Doctrine | when you write ideas on a document |
| Karma | accounted for the specific incarnations that souls experienced |
| Dravidian | a family of languages |
| 8,000- 7,000 B.C.E | beginnings of agriculture in south Asia |
| 2,500-2,000 B.C.E | High point of Harappan society |
| 1900 B.C.E | Beginning of Harappan decline |
| 1500 B.C.E | Beginning of Aryan migration to India |
| 1500-500 B.C.E | Vedic Age |
| 1400-900 B.C.E | Composition of the Rig Veda |
| 1000 B.C.E | Early Aryan migrations into the Ganges River valley |
| 1000 B.C.E | Emergence of varna distinctions |
| 1000-500 B.C.E | formation fo regional kingdom i northern India |
| 800-400 B.C.E | Composition of the principal Upanishads |
| 750 B.C.E | establishment of the first Aryan cities in the Ganges valley |
| 500 B.C.E | Early Aryan migrations to the Deccan plateau |
| Harappan Interactions | Neolithic villages in Indus River valley by 3000 B.C.E. |
| Harappan Political | no evidence of a political system |
| Harappan Religious | Religious beliefs strongly emphasized fertility |
| Harappan architecture | Wheat and barley were cultivated in Indus valley |
| Harappan Technology | Standardized weights, measures, architectural styles, and brick sizes |
| Harappan economy | Cultivated cotton before 5000 B.C.E. |
| Harappan social | Complex society of Dravidians, 3000 B.C.E. |
| Aryan political | In caste system, social mobility difficult but still possible |
| Aryan interactions | Aryan migrations in India: first Punjab and by 500 B.C.E. in northern Deccan |
| Aryan religious | main varnas, recognized after 1000 B.C.E. brahmins (priests), kshatriyas, vaishyas, shudras |
| Aryan achitecture | No writing system, but had orally transmitted works called the Vedas |
| Aryan technology | Used iron tools and developed agriculture |
| Aryan economy | Depended heavily on a pastoral economy |
| Aryan social | The meaning of caste: hereditary, unchangeable social classes |
| Upanishads political | Samsara and karma reinforced caste and social hierarchy |
| Upanishads interactions | Spirituality underwent a shift after about 800 B.C.E. |
| Upanishads religious | the religious forums: dialogues between disciples and sages |
| Upanishads achitecture | Ritual sacrifices were more important than ethics |
| Upanishads technology | Taught to observe high ethical standards: discourage greed, envy, vice |
| Upanishads economy | Sacrifices, chants, soma |
| Upanishads social | Samsara and karma reinforced caste and social hierarchy |
Created by:
ErickRam2019
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