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Chapter 11
Ancient Greek Civilization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Darius | Persian leader at the Battle of Marathon |
| Cavalry | Soldiers on horseback |
| Infantry | Foot soldiers |
| Ionia | Greek city-state that was overtaken by Persia |
| 2 effects of the invasion of Ionia | Ionians rebellled and Athens soldiers burned Sardis |
| Battle of Marathon | Battle between Athens and Persia; Athens won |
| Significance of the Battle of Marathon | Ended the First Persian War |
| Battle of Thermopylae | Battle between Sparta and Persia; Persia won |
| Significance of the Battle of Thermopylae | Persians used Phoenician navy and Egyptian army to win |
| Xerxes | Persian leader at the Battle of Thermopylae and Battle of Salamis |
| Battle of Salamis | Battle between navy of Athens (outnumbered) and Persian navy |
| Significance of Battle of Salamis | Ended the Second Persian War and broke Persian naval power |
| King Leonidas | Spartan leader at the Battle of Thermopylae |
| Themistocles | Athenian leader at the Battle of Marathon |
| Sparta during the Golden Age | Greek city-state with the strongest army |
| Athens during the Golden Age | Greek city-state with the strongest navy |
| Delian League | Alliance between Athens and other city-states |
| Peloponnesian League | Alliance between Sparta and other city-states |
| 5 Reasons why some city-states were upset with Athens | Athens requested money to build its navy, Athens continued to collect taxes, Used Athenian money, Moved the treasury to Athens, Used league money to build the Parthenon |
| What did Sparta fear about Athens? | Athens' power and Athens' democratic government |
| What caused the beginning of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta? | Athens placed a ban on trade with Megara (a member of the Peloponnesian League) |
| How long did the Peloponnesian War last? | 27 Years |
| Pericles | Leader of Athens during the Peloponnesian War who ordered the people inside the walls to protect them |
| Siege | a military tactic that forces the enemy to surrender by cutting off its food and other supplies |
| Long Walls | a military tactic used by Athens that allowed Athens to receive supplies |
| Significance of the Long Walls | Allowed Athens to hold on against Sparta for over a year |
| Plague | a contagious disease that caused many Athenians to die during the siege |
| Order of events during the Peloponnesian War | Athens attacks Sicily (ally of Sparta), Persia gave money to Sparta to build navy, Sparta defeated Athenian navy at Aegospotami, Sparta lay siege to Athens again, Athens surrendered |
| What did Athens have to give up after surrendering to Sparta, ending the Peloponnesian War? | demolished the Long Walls and forced to give up their democratic government |
| How did the Peloponnesian War hurt all city-states? | Thousands were killed, cities were destroyed, governments fell, trade dropped, fighting was occurring and city-states ignored Macedonia |
| Macedonia | Kingdom in northern Greece that was gaining power while Athens and Sparta were fighting each other |
| King Philip | King of Macedonia who united Greek city-states |
| Alexander | Son of Philip; created a large empire |
| What was Alexander's first task after taking control? | Had to secure Greece (they were starting to rebel) |
| What three things did Philip do to improve the Macedonian army? | Phalanx system, used the sarissas, kept the men in formation during battle |
| What did Philip and Alexander allow the people to do in the conquered city-states that made the people not rebel? | They allowed the people to keep their governments as long as they didn't rebel |
| Why did Alexander burn Thebes to the ground? | As a warning to other city-states to cooperate |
| Why was Alexander given the nickname "the Great"? | he created an empire in 11 years |
| What did Alexander's men do when they reached Asia? | They began to mutiny against Alexander and refused to fight; headed back west |
| What happened to his empire after Alexander died? | His generals divided his empire into separate kingdoms |
| General Ptolemy | given the kingdom of Egypt to rule |
| Hellenistic Age | time period when Greek culture advanced and spread throughout the world |
Created by:
katrina.maxson
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