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Anthro 1010-Vocab
Chapter 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Culture | The set of learned behaviors and ideas (including beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals) that are characteristic of a particular society or other social group |
Society | A group of people who occupy a particular territory and speak a common language not generally understood by neighboring peoples. By this definition, societies do not necessarily correspond to countries |
Subcluture | The shared customs of a subgroup within a society |
Norms | Standards or rules about what is acceptable behavior. |
Ethnocentric | Refers to judgment of other cultures solely in terms of one's own culture |
Ethnocentrism | The attitude that other societies customs and ideas can be judged un the context of one's own culture |
Cultural relativism | The attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be viewed within the context of that society's problems and opportunities. |
Maladaptive Customs | Cultural traits that diminish the chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment |
Adaptive customs | Cultural traits that enhance survival and reproductive success in a particular environment |
Diffusion | The process by which cultural elements are borrowed from another society and incorporated into the culture of the recipient group. |
Acculturation | The process of extensive borrowing of aspects of culture in the context of superordinate-subordinate relations between societies; usually occurs as the result of external pressure. |
Revolution | A usually violent replacement of a society's rulers |
Globalization | The ongoing spread of goods, people, information, and capital around the world. |
Ethnogenesis | Creation of a new culture |