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Ancient Hebrews
Hebrews, Persians, Hittites, Assyrians
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pastoral nomad (pas to ral no mad) | a person who domesticates (raises) animals for food and clothing and moves along regular migratory routes to provide a steady source of nourishment for those animals |
| monotheistic (mono the is tic) | worshiping only one god |
| Sabbath (Sab bath) | the seventh day of the week to be used for rest and worship; one of the Ten Commandments |
| Ten Commandments | the ten laws (rules for behaving) said to be given to Moses by his god |
| covenant (Cov e nant) | a formal,binding agreement;a promise |
| Canaan (Ca naan) | The land , according to the bible, that Abraham moved to after his god told him to leave Ur; present day Israel |
| Hittites (Hit tites) | a civilization that created an empire in modern day Turkey from 1600- 1200 B.C.E. Known for their use of iron weapons and tools |
| Phoenicians (Phoe ni cians) | A culture that was located in present day Lebanon Syria along the Mediterranean coast; Known for their trade empire throughout the Mediterranean Sea based on shipping |
| Judaism (Ju da ism) | A monotheistic religion developed among the Israelite's based on a belief in Yahweh |
| Torah (Tor ah) | the most sacred (holy) text of Judaism; it contains the basic laws of the religion and tells many stories about the history of the Hebrew people |
| Hebrews | the civilization flourished from 1800 B.C.E. to 70 C.E., they founded Judaism and are the ancestors of modern ethnic Jewish people |
| Israelites (Is ra el ites) | a descendant of Jacob; a native of the ancient Northern Kingdom of Israel |
| Assryians (As sry i ans) | a group of Semitic-speaking people, their civilization peaked from 900-700 B.C.E., they originated in modern day Iraq and spread their control as far as Egypt and modern Iran, known for total destruction in war |
| Persians | a group of Indo-European people from present day SW Iran, at its height from 559 B.C.E. to 330 B.C.E.,they conquered a large territory extending from Libya throughout all of the middle East |
| Yahweh (Yah weh) | a name for the god in the Old Testament of the Bible |
| prophet | a person who says that he/she is passing on a messages from a god to other people |
| colony | a territory settled and ruled by people from another |
| Nebuchadnezzer II | The famous leader of the Chaldeans, his capital city of Babylon and his hanging gardens were considered part of the ancient wonders of the world |
| monarchy | A governing system in which an area is ruled by a king or queen |
| Cyrus | A Persian leader who was able to unite all the nomadic tribes to create a powerful Persian state that stretched from Asia minor to western India. Ruled from 559-530 B.C.E. |
| Darius | The Persian leader from 521 to 486 B.C.E.; expanded the empire all the way to northeastern India; divided the empire into satrapies (provinces) in order to rule such a large area efficiently |
| Immortals | The 10,000 members of the persian cavalry and its elite (best trained) infantry called this because their number were never allowed to drop below 10,000 ineither branch |
| Ark of the Covenant | • the chest containing the Ten Commandments, written on stone tablets, that the Hebrews carried with them during their wanderings in the desert after fleeing Egypt |
| infantry | a soldier that fight on foot (not in a chariot or on horses) |
| Zoroaster (Zo ro as ter) | the prophet that started the religion of Zoroastrianism. He lived during the 600’s B.C.E. in Persia |
| Zoroastrianism (Zo ro as tri an ism) | • the Persian, monotheistic religion • a god, Ahura Mazda, was opposed by an evil spirit known as Ahriman |
| Diaspora | the Jewish movement away from their homeland to various |
| Ishtar Gate (Ish tar Gate) | the beautiful blue brick entrance to the city of Babylon the leading city-state in western Asia under their king Nebuchadnezzar II |
| King Solomon | •Ruler of ancient Israel (Palestine) from 970 – 930 BCE: known for having the great temple built, he also expanded the government, and strengthened the army and trade |
| Abraham | “father of the Hebrews” started the Jewish faith, originally from modern day Iraq, covenant with his God, who, according to the Torah promised him the land of Israel in return for his loyalty and as many descendants as there are stars |
| Moses | led the Hebrews out of slavery from Egypt; gave the 10 Commandments to them after he said God gave them to him |
| David | led the Hebrews after they came out of the wilderness into Canaan again, he established Jerusalem has a holy city, famed for defeating the giant soldier Goliath |
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