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Neruoscience Exam 1
Exam 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cranial Nerve l | Olfactory Nerve (Nose) |
Cranial Nerve ll | Optic Nerve (Vision) |
Cranial Nerve lll | Oculomotor Nerve ( Vision controls aspects of eye movement) |
Cranial Nerve IV | Trochlear Nerve |
Cranial Nerve V | Trigeminal Nerve |
Cranial Nerve VI | Abducens Nerve |
Cranial Nerve VII | Facial Nerve Nerve |
Cranial Nerve VIII | Vestibulocolear Nerve |
Cranial Nerve IX | Gloaaopharyngeal Nerve |
Cranial Nerve X | Vagus Nerve |
Cranial Nerve XI | Accessory Nerve |
Cranial Nerve XII | Hypoglossal Nerve |
PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
Plegia | Paralysis |
Special views allow better viewing of some structures Contrast material can outline structures | Conventional X-ray |
Tomography | Uses X-ray tube and Film rotation to create thin slices in one plane |
Incidence | The number of new cases per year in a given population |
Paresis | Weakness |
Neurological disorder is an example of an extrapyramidal disease | Parkinson's Disease |
Egyptians believed that mental functions were located in .... | Heart |
Term refers to the total number of current cases in a given population at a point in time | Prevalance |
School of thought believes that the brain works as an integrative whole | Holism |
Inflammatory Disease | Meningitis |
Study of disease processes | Pathology |
Study of nervous system disease | Neuropathology |
Difficulty executing things like walking and eating | Activity barriers |
Theorized that language production was localized to the left frontal lobe | Paul Broca |
Prehistoric practice of creating a hole in the skull is known as | Trephination |
Approximately how many people in the world suffer from neurological disorders | 1 billion and 1 in 6 |
Pioneer in neuroscience worked with a now famous patient Tan | Paul Broca |
Rhythmic Shaking | Tremors |
Patient Referes to having ringing in ears is a condition of | Tinnitus |
Tingling, Burning, Or Prickling sensations are known as | Paresthesia |
Paralysis on one side of the body is called | Hemiplegia |
loss of sensation | Anesthesia |
Athetosis means "like a dance" describes quick, dance-like movements of the hands and or feet | False |
What is your name? and Why are you here? is testing | Mental Status |
Tool used by a neurologist to test sensation in foot | Pin |
Rank of Spatial Resolution Techniques | fMRI PET EEG |
Saying "Pa Ta Ka" as fast as possible is testing | Diadochokinetic Rate |
Imaging technique shows brain activity based on the brain's glucose metabolism | PET |
Actual Physiological seizure even | Ictal |
An inability to smell | Anosmia |
Example of a symptom | I have a headache |
Functional neuroimaging shows brain anatomy while structural imaging shows rain physiology | False |
Slowed movements referred to | Bradykinesia |
Loss of vision in one visual field | Hemianopsia |
School of though believes humans are two substances a material body (brain) and an immaterial soul (mind) | Dualism |
Demyelinating disease of central nervous system | multiple sclerosis |
Temporal resolution neuroimaging techniques focus on time while spatial techniques focus on the location of activity in the brain | True |
Problems in body function or alterations in body structure, such as paralysis and blindness | Function Barriers |
Problems with involvement in any area of life, such as education and employments | Participation Barriers |
Based on the belief that bumps on the skull corresponded to certain brain areas and only those areas that performed certain mental functions | Phrenology |
Hyperosmia | Abnormally Sensitive smell |
Hyposmia | Decreased sense of smell |
Diplopia | Double Vision |
Fasciculation | Muscle Twitches |
Vertigo | Dizziness |
Hypokinesia | Decreased Movement |
Akinesia | Absent Movement |
Dystonia | Distorted body postures |
Athetosis | Slow Twisting movements of the hands and feet |
Chorea | Quick movements of the hands and feet with dance like quality |
Ballism | Quick flinging of th elimbs |
Myoclonus | Suddent involuntary jerking movements |
Gait Disorders | Problems with walking |
Anesthesia | Loss of feeling; numbness |
Computed Tomography | a neuroimaging technique that passes x-rays through the human body that reflect off different densities of tissue,bone, and fluid in different ways that produce and image |
structural Imaging | Shows brains anatomy |
functional imaging | shows brains activity |
Magnetic Resonance Imagine | a neuroimagine technique that uses a magnetic current to flip protons within body's water molecules. The image is then formed into a 3D image |
Spatial Resolution | identifies the location of brain activity |
temporal resolution | time between a stimulus being introduced and the brains response |
Positron Emission Tomography | PET... Spatial resolution shows brain activity based on the brain's glucose metabolism |
Temporal Resolution Best To Worst | EEG fMRI PET |
Electroencephalography | EEG temporal resolution technique that measures the neuronal electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. .. Low cost.. availability |
Functional magnetic resonance imaging | a neuroimaging technique that combines advantages of both MRI and PET shows both anatomy and physiology by measuring blood oxygenation |
Central nervous system | made up of the brain and spinal cord |
Peripheral nervous system | cranial and spinal nerves |
Brain is made up of four parts | Brainstem, cerebellum , diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres |
Brain Stem consists of | Medulla, Pons, Midbrain |
Cerebellum | Posterior to the pons... involved in the coordination and precision of fine motor movement. |
What makes up the diencephalon | Thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus |
Thalamus | relay station for sensory fibers |
Subthalamus | regulates and coordinates motor function |
Hypothalamus | regulates various body functions |
epithalamus | regulates genital development, the sleep/wake cycle and optic reflexes |
Cerebral hemispheres | Control higher cortical functions such as cognition and language as well as planing motor function and interpreting sensory experiences |
Visceral sensory system | entails general sensory information like stretch, pain, temperature, and irritation in the internal organs as well as sensations like nausea and hunger. |
Autonomic nervous system | involves body functions that happen automatically without conscious control |
Sympathetic nervous system | triggers what is known as our flight or flight response |
Parasympathetic nervous system | complements the sympathetic nervous system by doing the opposite or rest and digest calms and relaxes the body. |
Enteric nervous system | mangages gastrointestinal system functions independently of the brain. |
Somatic nervous system | voluntary conscious system that coordinates the body skeletal muscles for movement. |
Bends and wraps around itself to form a tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop | Neural Tube |
The process of forming the neural tube | Neurulation |
Ventral Induction | Neurodevelopment period when the face and brain develop out of the superior end of the neural tube. |
Prosencephalon | Forebrain |
Telencephalon | Cerebral hemispheres |
Mesencephalon | Midbrain |
Rhombencephalon includes | pons, medulla, cerebellum referred to the hindbrain |
Myelencephalon | Medulla |
Metencephalon | Pons and cerebellum |
Process involving the birth of new neurons | Neurogenesis |
Formation of synapses between neurons during the cortical organization | Synaptogenesis |