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Ch. 4 History Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| peninsula | body of land with water on three sides. |
| colony | settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland. |
| polis | the early Greek city-state, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside and run like an independent country. |
| agora | in early Greek city-states, an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place. |
| tyrant | person who takes power by force and rules with total authority. |
| oligarchy | government in which a small group of people holds power. |
| democracy | government in which all citizens share in running the government. |
| helot | person who was conquered and enslaved by the ancient Spartans. |
| satrapies | the 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire. |
| satraps | official who ruled a state in the Persian Empire under Darius. |
| Zoroastrianism | Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end. |
| direct democracy | system of government in which people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters. |
| representative democracy | system of government in which citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf. |
| philosopher | thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life. |