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Nervous System
Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue | Dura mater |
| The innermost covering of the brain, delicate and vascular | Pia mater |
| Structures that returncerbrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses | Arachnoid villi |
| Middle meningeal layer, like a cobweb in structure | Arachnoid |
| Its outer layer forns the periosteum of the skull | Dura mater |
| The largest part of the human brain, paired | Cerebral hemespheres |
| The other major subdivisions of the brain | Brainstem and Cerebellum |
| The cavities found in the brain | Ventrioles |
| Ventrioles contain________ | CSF |
| An elevated ridge of cerebral cortex tissue | Gyrus |
| The convolutions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the_________ | SA |
| Gray matter is composed of____________ | Nerves/unmyelinated |
| White matter is composed of___________, which provide for communication between different parts of the brain as well as with lower CNS centers. | Myelinated |
| Site of regualtion of water balance and body temperature | Hypothalamus |
| Contains reflex centers involved in regulation respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brain stem centers | Pons |
| Important relay station for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation | Thalamus |
| Contains autonomic centers, which regulate blood pressure and respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing and sneezing centers | Medulla oblongata |
| Large fiber tract connection the cerebral hemispheres | Corpus callosum |
| Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles | Cerebral aquaduct |
| Encloses the 3rd ventricle | Thalamus |
| Forms the cerebrospinal fluid | Choroid plexus |
| Midbrain area that is largely fiber tracts; bulges anteriorly | Cerebral peduncle |
| Part of the limbic system; contains centers for many drives | Hypothalamus |
| CSF is formed by capillary knots called___________ | Chrodoid plexasus |
| Chrodoid plexasus hand into the_____________ of the brain | Ventricles |
| CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle and then through the__________ to the 4th ventricle | Cerbral aquaduct |
| Some CSF continues down the______of the spinal cord | Central canal |
| MOst CSF circulates in to______ by passing through 3 tiny openingsin the walls of the_________ | Subarachnoid; 4th ventricle |
| CSF is formed and drained back into the venous blood at the same rate. If its drainage is blocked, a donditionn called______ occurs, which results in increased pressure on the brain. Usually in infants | Hydrocephalus |
| Slight and transient brain injury | Concussion |
| Traumatic injury that destroys brain tissue | Contusion |
| Total nonresponsiveness to stimulation | Coma |
| May cause medulla oblongata to be wedged into foramen lagnum by pressure of blood | Intracranial hemorrhage |
| After head injury, retention of water by brain; compression of brain, herniation, lack of oxygen, swelling | Cerebral edema |
| Results when a brain region is deprived of blood or exposed to prolonged ischemia | Cerebrovascular accident |
| Progressive degeneration of the brain with abnormal protein deposits | Alzheimer's disease |
| Autoimmune disorder with extensive demyelination | Multiple sclerosis |
| A mini-stroke; fleeting symptoms of a CVA | Transient Ischemic attack (TIA) |
| Thermoreceptors | Detect temperature; more cold than hot; in dermis |
| Detect touch, pressure, vibration | Tactile receptors |
| Detect pressure change in areas with gasses:walls of blood vessels, digestive organs, bladder, lungs | Baroreceptors |
| Detect position of joints and muscles | Proprioceptors |
| Gustatory Receptors | Synapse in medulla oblongata for memory; sense sweet, sour, bitter, salty, also umami and water; begin with 20,000 taste buds |
| Olfactory Receptors | In olfactory cerebral cortx, hypothalamus, limbic system; for smell, mood, behavior |
| Layers (tunics) of eye | Fibrous-outermost, sclera(vitreous gel white dense fibrous) and cornea(transparent for light entrance)Vascular-intermediate, iris(color)Neural-innermost where nerves are |
| Outer layer of skin covering eye | Conjunctiva |
| Corner of eye, lubricates and fights infection | Lacromal gland |
| Peripheral photoreceptors, sensitive, black and white | Rods |
| Red, blue, and green photoreceptor, only function in light, 2x as other | Cones |
| Focusing too soon, farsighted | Myopia |
| Focusing beyond normal point, nearsighted | Hyperopia |
| Pain receptor, recognize potential tissue damage, usually reflex arcs | Nociceptors |
| Pain receptor, different part of body senses pain for other part, tighteningie-panic attack, infection, heart attack | Referred pain |
| Pain receptor, localized, quicklyie- leg asleep | Fast (prickling) pain |
| Pain receptor, generalized slowie-heart burn | Slow (burning) pain |
Created by:
emily34834
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