Human Anatomy
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| The outermost covering of the brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue | Dura mater
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| The innermost covering of the brain, delicate and vascular | Pia mater
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| Structures that returncerbrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural sinuses | Arachnoid villi
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| Middle meningeal layer, like a cobweb in structure | Arachnoid
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| Its outer layer forns the periosteum of the skull | Dura mater
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| The largest part of the human brain, paired | Cerebral hemespheres
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| The other major subdivisions of the brain | Brainstem and Cerebellum
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| The cavities found in the brain | Ventrioles
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| Ventrioles contain________ | CSF
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| An elevated ridge of cerebral cortex tissue | Gyrus
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| The convolutions seen in the cerebrum are important because they increase the_________ | SA
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| Gray matter is composed of____________ | Nerves/unmyelinated
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| White matter is composed of___________, which provide for communication between different parts of the brain as well as with lower CNS centers. | Myelinated
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| Site of regualtion of water balance and body temperature | Hypothalamus
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| Contains reflex centers involved in regulation respiratory rhythm in conjunction with lower brain stem centers | Pons
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| Important relay station for afferent fibers traveling to the sensory cortex for interpretation | Thalamus
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| Contains autonomic centers, which regulate blood pressure and respiratory rhythm, as well as coughing and sneezing centers | Medulla oblongata
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| Large fiber tract connection the cerebral hemispheres | Corpus callosum
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| Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles | Cerebral aquaduct
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| Encloses the 3rd ventricle | Thalamus
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| Forms the cerebrospinal fluid | Choroid plexus
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| Midbrain area that is largely fiber tracts; bulges anteriorly | Cerebral peduncle
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| Part of the limbic system; contains centers for many drives | Hypothalamus
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| CSF is formed by capillary knots called___________ | Chrodoid plexasus
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| Chrodoid plexasus hand into the_____________ of the brain | Ventricles
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| CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle and then through the__________ to the 4th ventricle | Cerbral aquaduct
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| Some CSF continues down the______of the spinal cord | Central canal
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| MOst CSF circulates in to______ by passing through 3 tiny openingsin the walls of the_________ | Subarachnoid; 4th ventricle
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| CSF is formed and drained back into the venous blood at the same rate. If its drainage is blocked, a donditionn called______ occurs, which results in increased pressure on the brain. Usually in infants | Hydrocephalus
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| Slight and transient brain injury | Concussion
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| Traumatic injury that destroys brain tissue | Contusion
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| Total nonresponsiveness to stimulation | Coma
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| May cause medulla oblongata to be wedged into foramen lagnum by pressure of blood | Intracranial hemorrhage
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| After head injury, retention of water by brain; compression of brain, herniation, lack of oxygen, swelling | Cerebral edema
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| Results when a brain region is deprived of blood or exposed to prolonged ischemia | Cerebrovascular accident
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| Progressive degeneration of the brain with abnormal protein deposits | Alzheimer's disease
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| Autoimmune disorder with extensive demyelination | Multiple sclerosis
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| A mini-stroke; fleeting symptoms of a CVA | Transient Ischemic attack (TIA)
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| Thermoreceptors | Detect temperature; more cold than hot; in dermis
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| Detect touch, pressure, vibration | Tactile receptors
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| Detect pressure change in areas with gasses:walls of blood vessels, digestive organs, bladder, lungs | Baroreceptors
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| Detect position of joints and muscles | Proprioceptors
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| Gustatory Receptors | Synapse in medulla oblongata for memory; sense sweet, sour, bitter, salty, also umami and water; begin with 20,000 taste buds
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| Olfactory Receptors | In olfactory cerebral cortx, hypothalamus, limbic system; for smell, mood, behavior
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| Layers (tunics) of eye | Fibrous-outermost, sclera(vitreous gel white dense fibrous) and cornea(transparent for light entrance)Vascular-intermediate, iris(color)Neural-innermost where nerves are
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| Outer layer of skin covering eye | Conjunctiva
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| Corner of eye, lubricates and fights infection | Lacromal gland
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| Peripheral photoreceptors, sensitive, black and white | Rods
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| Red, blue, and green photoreceptor, only function in light, 2x as other | Cones
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| Focusing too soon, farsighted | Myopia
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| Focusing beyond normal point, nearsighted | Hyperopia
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| Pain receptor, recognize potential tissue damage, usually reflex arcs | Nociceptors
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| Pain receptor, different part of body senses pain for other part, tighteningie-panic attack, infection, heart attack | Referred pain
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| Pain receptor, localized, quicklyie- leg asleep | Fast (prickling) pain
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| Pain receptor, generalized slowie-heart burn | Slow (burning) pain
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