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Midterm Review G.S.9
LeVan/Chaput's Global Studies 9 midterm review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monsoons | seasonal storms/winds which dominate India's climate/ mean “life or death” to many of the people |
| Khyber Pass | gap in the Hindu Kush mountains which may have been used by migrants from the north of India |
| Ganges River | holy to Hindus |
| Indus River | location of the Harappan civilization |
| British East India Company | formed by merchants to trade in spices; trading company |
| Indian Congress Party | Indian National Congress; A political movement, primarily Hindu, founded in 1885 to increase Indian participation in government; later led the drive for complete independence and became the major political party in independent India |
| Muslim League | "organization founded in 1906 in India to protect Muslim interests" |
| Boycott | refusal to buy certain goods or services |
| Fasting | refusal to eat; Gandhi used it as a form of protest |
| Salt March | Gandhi led a march over 240 miles to protest the British monopoly on salt in India |
| Passive Resistance | nonviolent protest |
| Civil Disobedience | refusal to obey an unjust law |
| Satyagraha | literally means "truth force," it was Gandhi's name for his non-violent resistance |
| Mongols | central Asian horsemen/warriors led by Genghis Khan formed the Mongol Empire |
| Aryans | Indo-European people who crossed over the northwest mountain passes into the Indus River Valley |
| Mohandas K. Gandhi | led the Indian independence movement, proposed non-violent resistance to British rule |
| Muhammad Ali Jinnah | first Pakistan governor general |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | first Indian Prime Minister |
| Indira Gandhi | daughter of Nehru, became Prime Minister of India |
| Rajiv Gandhi | son of Indira, Prime Minister of India, assassinated |
| Caste System | Hindu social system based on birth; social class system in India which created a strict division in Indian society, still visible today |
| Karma | the belief that the good and bad deeds that one does in this life affects their standing in the next life |
| Dharma | the Hindu belief in the duties of each caste |
| Reincarnation | a process of an individual’s soul being born again and again; rebirth after death |
| Polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| Siddhartha Gautama | born into a noble Hindu family, he was the founder of Buddhism |
| Allah | God of Islam |
| Koran | sacred book of Islam |
| Mecca | Islam’s holiest city; place of pilgrimage |
| Diversity | differences or varieties between cultures |
| Salt | gold-salt trade – Trans-Saharan trade by the Berbers |
| Mansa Musa | ruler of Mali who made a pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Jomo Kenyatta | Kikuyu who led the drive for independence; first president of Kenya; African Nationalist |
| Nelson Mandela | one time leader of the ANC, first black president of South Africa |
| Desmond Tutu | Nobel Prize Winning Anglican bishop who organized anti-apartheid boycotts |
| F.W. deKlerk | White South African president in 1980-1990’s who ended apartheid and freed Mandela |
| Kwame N’krumah | African Nationalist; led the Gold Coast to independence; non-violent protester; became Ghana’s first president in 1957; socialist; “Africa for Africans” |
| Menelik II | Ethiopian emperor who successfully resisted imperialism by diplomacy and war |
| Mau Mau | Kenyan rebel group that attacked white farmers |
| Mobutu Sese Seko | military strongman that gained control in Congo and changed its name to Zaire |
| Bantu | early Africans that migrated, produced diversity of cultures and left unifying influence |
| Apartheid | 1948 policy of social separation in Republic of South Africa; rigid separation of people by race |
| Scramble for Africa | between 1870-1914 much of Africa colonized; European nations ignored natural or previously established tribal boundaries |
| Nationalism | pride in one’s nation, often related to independence movements; became a strong force in Africa after World War II |
| Independence | freedom from external power |
| Tribalism | pride in one’s tribe – usually over one’s nation |
| Berlin Conference | meeting of European leaders who made rules for the division of Africa in 1884 |
| ANC | Africa National Congress |
| AIDS | epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Slave Trade | started in Sub-Saharan Africa by Bartoleme de las Casas in an effort to save Native American’s genocide |
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