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Ch. 3 History Notes.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Israelites | descendants of Abraham who left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan. |
| Torah | the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.) |
| Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan | occupy the land that was once Canaan. |
| Jacob | raised 12 sons who became the 12 tribes of Israel. |
| The Ten Commandments | what God believes to be right and wrong; the most important part of the Torah that helped form the basic moral laws of many nations. |
| Moses | led the Israelites out of Egypt and into the Sinai Desert. |
| Saul | warrior-farmer anointed king by the prophet Samuel. |
| Assyrians and Chaldeans | wanted Canaan for control of trade routes through it. |
| Solomon | king who built the temple in Jerusalem. |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldean king who captured Jerusalem and exiled 10,000 Jews. |
| David | drove the Philistines out of Israel and moved the capital to Jerusalem. |
| Babylonian captivity | period of time when Jews were sent to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. |
| Palestine | name given to Judah by Romans, refers to the Philistines. |
| Prophets | warned that going to the temple was not enough, all must work for a just society. |
| Alexander the Great | king who defeated the Persians to become ruler of Judah. |
| Zealots | fought the Romans for freedom and drove them out of Jerusalem. |
| Israel | name given to the descendants of Jacob, means "one who struggles with God." |
| Cyrus | Persian king who allowed the Jews to return to Judah. |
| Hanukkah | commemorates the cleansing of the temple by the Maccabees. |
| Talmud | teachings about the Torah and record of Jewish law. |
| Daniel | refused to worship Babylonian gods and was thrown into the lion's den. |
| Essenes | lived in the desert, praying for God to deliver them from the Romans. |
| Jews, Christians, and Muslims | share the idea that good will triumph over evil and they worship the same God. |