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APHG Unit 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fieldwork | The study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places. |
| Human geography | branch of geography that studies patterns and procceses that shape human interaction the environment and human activity on Earth |
| Globalization | international integration arising from the interaction of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture |
| Physical geography | study of Earth's physical features on the surface |
| Spatial | of or relating to space |
| Spatial distribution | arrangement of something (ie. Bus stop locations, etc.) across the Earth's surface) |
| Medical geography | study of how local events and climate affect health |
| Pandemics | global disase outbreak, over large regions |
| Epidemics | widespread occurrence of a disease at a particular time in a community |
| Spatial perspectives | a concentration of where something/someone is |
| 5 themes of geography | location, movement, region, place, and human environmental interaction |
| Location | particular place of position |
| Location theory | addresses what economic activities are located where and why |
| Human Environmental Interaction | interactions between the human social system and the ecosystem. |
| Place | an area that is defined by everything in it |
| Region | area that is defined by similar characteristics |
| Sense of place | combinatin of characteristics that a place special and unique |
| Perception of places | perception of places is when humans feel and experience a place |
| Movement | the way people, products, information, and ideas move from one place to another |
| Spatial interactions | the way geographers look at things in relation to space |
| Landscape | geographic feautures of a region |
| Cultural landscape | human interaction with an environment shapes cultural landscape |
| Sequent occupance | theory that place is occupied by different people and each group leaves something from which the next group learns |
| Cartography | map-making |
| Reference maps | emphasizes the geographic location of feautres |
| Thematic maps | maps on a specific subject |
| Absolute location | a location of latitude and longistude in a Cartesian coordinate grid |
| GPS | a system that uses a series of satellites to pinpoint your location (gathers information) |
| Relative location | the location of something in relation to landmarks of other locations |
| Mental maps | maps created purely from the mind and personal perspective of a location |
| Activity spaces | the places we travel routinely in our rounds of daily activity |
| Generalized maps | the process of selecting and representing information on a map in a way that adapts to the scale of the display medium of the map. |
| Remote sensing | a method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study. |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | a collectin of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user |
| Scale | territorial extent of something |
| Functional region | defined by a set of social, political, or economic activities or the interactions that occur within it. |
| Formal region | defined by a commonality, typically a cultural linkage or a physical characteristic. |
| Perceptual region | ideas in our minds, based on accumulated knowledge of places and regions, that define an area of “sameness” or “connectedness.” |
| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition |
| Cultural trait | a single element of normal pracitce in a culture, such as the wearing of turbans |
| Cultural complex | a related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils. |
| Cultural hearth | heartland, source area, innovation center, place of origin of a major culture. |
| Cultural diffusion | the expansion and adaption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area |
| Independent invention | the term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other. |
| Time-distance decay | the declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its place or origing to a wider area. |
| Cultural barriers | pervailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in the particular culture. |
| Expansion diffusion | The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination |
| Contagious diffusion | the distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contract from person to person-analogoes to the communication of a contagious illness |
| Hierarchical diffusion | a form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected plaes or peoples. |
| Stimulus diffusion | a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaption is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place. |
| Relocation diffusion | sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. |
| Environmental determinism | the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development, also referred to as envrionmentalism. |
| Isotherms | line on map connecting points of equal temperature values |
| Possibilism | geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human decesion making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development. |
| Cultural ecology | the multiple interactions and relationships between a culture and the natural environment. |
| Political ecology | an approach to studying nature-society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated. |
Created by:
albertpham
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