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World History
Crystal Cathedral High School Sophmores (Sem. 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • Mehemet II | Murad’s son- achieved the most dramatic feat in Ottoman History |
| • Sha Abbas | He was emperor during the Golden Age; helped create Safavids culture that drew from the Ottoman, Persian, and Arab Worlds |
| • Devonshire System | - took boys from their families, educated them, converted them to Islam, and trained them as soldiers |
| • Munghals | – People that invaded India which means Mongols |
| • Aurangzeb | aggressive empire builder and master at military stagey |
| • Siks | - non-violent religious group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism |
| • Selim the Grim | - came to power be overthrowing his father and murdering his brothers |
| • Osman | most successful Ottoman |
| • Tokugawa Ieyasu | completed the unification of Japan; he gained the loyalty of the daimyo and he soon became the sole ruler of Japan – the Shogun |
| • Hongwu | – a peasant who commanded the rebel army; first emperor of the Ming Dynasty |
| • Prince Henry | the son of Portugal’s king; supported exploration |
| • Vasco De Gama | Portuguese explorer who sailed to Calicut India |
| • Zheng He | Muslim explorer sailing for the Ming Dynasty |
| • Quin Dynasty | the Manchus invaded China and Beijing; the Ming Dynasty fell and the Manchu’s ruler became emperor of china – they called this the Quing Dynasty |
| • Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Nobunaga’s best general who took over after his leader; set out to destroy the daimyos |
| • Treaty of Tordesillas | treaty between Spain and Portugal agreeing to honor the Line of Demarcation |
| • Commercial Revolution | the expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th century |
| • Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods then they bought |
| • Amerigo Vanspucci | – a mapmaker who named the new world after himself (America) |
| • Montezuma II | - Aztec empower was convinced that Cortez was the iron- clad god; agreed to share the empires gold supply |
| • Encomienda System | Under this system, natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords |
| • Jacques Cartier | sailed down the St. Lawrence River River |
| • Pope | united the Indians; went against the Spanish |
| • Philip II | inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American Colonies |
| • William of Orange | Prince of Netherlands; wed to Mary |
| • Oliver Cromwell | Puritan general during the English civil war |
| • Edict of Nantes | – Declaration of religious toleration |
| • Cardinal Richelieu | “ruler of France” in 1624 and advisor to Louis XII |
| • Jean Baptitste Colbert | Developed the theory of mercantilism |
| • Hapeas Corpus | document ordering one to be brought before a judge |
| • Charles I | – ruler of England in 1625, was executed for treason |
| • Catharine the Great | – ruler of Russia, well- educated, well- intentioned, but didn’t accomplish goals |
| • Francois Marie Arouet | used pen name Voltaire to publish more than 70 books |
| • Galileo Galilei | – discovered laws pendulum |
| • Francis Bacon | developed the experimental method |
| • Rene Descartes | said, “I think therefore I am” |
| • Isaac Newton | – discovered the 3 laws of motion |
| • Federal System | – power divided between the central authority and individual states |
| • Heliocentric Theory | idea that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun |
| • Jean Jacques Rousseau | wrote The Social Contract said, “man is born free and everywhere is in chains” |
| • Louis XVI | French king in 1774; helped U.S. in the American revolution against Great Britain – increased debt; weak leader |
| • Marie Antoinette | wife of Louis XVI; Madam Deficit; used a lot of money for buying jewelry and clothes; was a member of the Austrian monarchy |
| • Maximillien Robespierre | dictator of France; wanted to build a “Republic of Virtue”; tried to wipe out every trace of nobility and monarchy – the Reign of Terror |
| • Hundred Days | brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France |
| • Horatio Neslon | – commander of the British fleet during the Battle of Trafalgar, the admiral that defeated Napoleon’s naval forces near Egypt; died during the battle by French sharpshooter |
| • Battle of Trafalgar | battle against England on water in 1805; Napoleon was defeated by Horatio Nelson – assuring the British navy’s supremacy and forced Napoleon’s plan of invading Britain to be given up |
| • Coup D’état | – a sudden seizure of political power in a nation |
| • Concert of Europe | – a series of alliance among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens con Metternivh to prevent the outbreak of revolutions |
| • Creoles – | Spaniards who were born in Latin America |
| • Simon Bolivar | Led Venezuelan army to victory |
| • Jose de San Martin | abandoned his army and gave charge to Bolivar |
| • Miguel Hidalgo | priest who led rebellion against the Spanish |
| • Conservatives | – wealthy individuals that to preserve traditional monarchy |
| • Liberals | Middle class who wanted a parliament so that land owners could vote |
| • Louis- Napoleon | Napoleon’s nephew; elected president of France; considered the F.D.R. of France; Industrialized France |
| • Alexander II | – brought Russia to modernization and social change |
| • Otto von Bismarck | Prime minister Conservative Junker, master of realpolitik |
| • Factors of Production | land, labor, and capital/wealth |
| • Collective Bargaining | negotiations between workers and their employers |
| • Utilitarianism | – the theory that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people |
| • Suffrage – | – the right to vote |
| • Emmeline Pankhurst | |
| • Chartist Movement | a movement to press for more rights |
| • Dreyfus Affair | a controversy in France in the 1890’s, centering on the imprisonment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreyfus, who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany |
| • Ivan Pavlor | developed new ideas in physiology with his dog |
| • Sigmund Freud | believed unconscious drives thinking; developed psychoanalysis |
| • Imperialism | – a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially |
| • Social Darwinism | the application of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies; particularly as justification for imperialist expansion |
| • Berlin Conference | a meeting at witch representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa |
| • Boer War | conflict lasting from 1899 to 1902, in which the Boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa |
| • Paternalism | a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their need, but not giving them rights |
| • Assimilation | – the French policy that suggested that over time, the local populations would become absorbed into French culture |
| • Crimean War | – a conflict, lasting from 1853 to 1859, in witch the Ottoman empire, with the aid of Britain and France, halted Russia expansion in the region of the black sea |
| • Suez Canal | – man-made waterway connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, which was opened in 1869 |
| • Sepoy Mutiny | an 1957 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India |
| • “Jewel In The Crown” | the British colony of India – so called because of it’s importance in the British Empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British trade goods |
| • Raj | – the British-controlled portions of India in the years |
| • Pacific Rim | the lands surrounding the Pacific ocean; especially those in Asia |
| • Emilio Aguinaldo | leader of the Pilipino nationalists that claimed the U. S. had claimed immediate independence after the Spanish-American war had ended |
| • Annexation | – the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit |
| • Queen Liliuokalani | Hawaiian ruler; called for new constitution to increase her power in 1893 |
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