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APHUG Ch.1
Introduction to AP Human Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sequent occupance | refers to the idea that as occupiers arrived they bring their own technology & culture traditions and transform the landscape but they can also be influenced by what they find when they arrive and leave some of it there (concept-Derwent Whittlesey, 1929) |
| cartography | study of maps/map making |
| reference maps | show location of places and geographic features |
| thematic maps | tell stories, usually showing the degree of some attribute or movement of a geographic phenomenon |
| absolute location | latitude/longitude, coordinates, an exact location |
| relative location | describes where a place is in relation to another place |
| global positioning system (GPS) | allows us to locate things on the surface of the earth with extraordinary accuracy; researchers can collect data quickly and easily in the field |
| geocaching | a hunt for cache whose coordinates are placed on the internet by other geocachers |
| mental maps | the maps we carry in our minds of places we have been and places we have merely heard of (ex. a mental map of your house, park, school, church, public, etc) |
| activity spaces | those places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity (ex. Miss O's classroom, the gym, the cafeteria, your kitchen, the bus/bus stop, clock tower...) |
| generalize/generalized maps | not entirely specific, the word precipitation uses the main annual precipitation received around the world. a map that does not use specific information |
| remote sensing | geographers monitor the earth's surface from a distance to understand the scope and rate of environmental change over short and long periods of time by satellites and aircraft (airplanes, balloons) |
| geographic information systems (GIS) | geographers use this advancement in computer technology and data storage to compare a variety of spatial data by combining layers of spatial data in a computerized environment, creating maps in which patterns and processes are superimposed |
| formal region | a physical criteria of an area and can also be defined by cultural traits (the people share one or more cultural traits--food, belief systems, dress, dances, hair styles, languages, etc.) |
| functional region | the product of interactions of movement of various kinds |
| perceptual regions | intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography |
| culture | refers to music, literature, and the arts of a society, and all other features of its ways of life, dress, routine living habits, food, architecture, education, government, law, even agricultural practices |
| cultural trait | a single attribute or characteristic of a culture |
| culture complex | more than one culture may exhibit a cultural trait, but each will consist of a discrete combination of traits |
| cultural hearth | an area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse |
| independent invention | the term for a trait with many hearths that developed independent of each other |
| culture diffusion | process where something spreads--an idea or innovation from its hearth to other places |
| time-distance decay | both time and distance can cause something not to be adopted the longer it takes to reach its potentials adopters. the farther a place is from the hearth or longer the idea takes to get there, the less likely it will be adopted |
| cultural barriers | some cultural traits are not adoptable in particular cultures because of prevailing attitudes or taboos |
| expansion diffusion | an idea that develops in a hearth and remains strong there while spreading outward, moves without people physically moving to be "knowers" of the trait/innovation |
| relocation diffusion | the opposite of expansion diffusion where the actual movement movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation carry it to a new, sometimes distant local, where they proceed to disseminate it, usually occurs through migration |
| contagious diffusion | a type of expansion diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals are affected |
| hierarchical diffusion | a pattern where the main channel of diffusion is some segment, level, or step of those who might adopt what is diffusing |
| stimulous determinism | belief that behavior (individual & collective) is affected, controlled, or determined by physical envrionment people live in |
| possiblism | belief of the natural environment only limits choices available to a culture |
| cultural ecology | an area of inquiry concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to environment |
| political ecology | an area of inquiryfundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings |
Created by:
troublecleff88
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