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BLUE MOD
Infection Control Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does mode of transmission mean? | how microorganisms travel between hosts |
| direct contact | person-person |
| indirect contact | person-object-person |
| droplet transmission | coughs or sneezes |
| vehicle route | transmission via food, water, body fluids |
| airborne transmission | dust,evaporated droplets, particles of hair/ skin, ventilation systems |
| vector transmission | bird, animal, or insect |
| normal flora | Natural to the body, do not cause disease. |
| bacteria | Single-celled organisms that multiply by cell division, some cause infection, non-pathogenic. |
| viruses | Cannot live on their own, need a host cell to multiply, very small organism, not seen by regular microscope. |
| fungi | Single-celled, uses spores to reproduce. |
| protozoa | Single-celled, found mostly in contaminated water and sewage systems. ie. Beaver Fever |
| How should you treat someone with HIV/AIDS | respect, empathy, acceptance, dignity, warmth |
| What are standard precautions? | PPE gloves, gowns, aprons, masks, protective eyewear. Protection from cross-contamination. |
| What are the contraindications for MMR? | sesitivity, immunoglobulin, pregnancy |
| What is a pathogen? | microorganism causing disease |
| What is chemical disinfection used for? | used for heat sensitive disease |
| What is medical asepsis? | killing germs after they leave the body |
| What is surgical asepsis? | sterilization-destroy all pathogens before they enter the body |
| What is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious organisms? | hand washing |
| why do vaccines work? | the body responds in the same manner, whether exposed naturally or via a vaccine. Build up an immunity. |
| What does chain of infection mean? | if one of the links of the chain of infection breaks, it cannot continue. |
| how can AIDS be transmitted? | unprotected sex, shared needles/drugs equipment, injury from a needle or sharp with contaminated blood (tattoos, acupuncture, body piercings) |
| what is the "universal disinfectant"? | bleach |
| What is postexposure prophylaxis? | immediate and preventative treatment to prevent infection after exposure to a dangerous virus |
| autoclave | a device using steam for sterilization |
| antigen | a pathogen or any other substance that induces an antibody response |
| antibody | a protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens |
| nosocomial infection | a hospital-related infection; one that is not present or incubating when a patient is admitted to a hospital or a healthcare facility |
| systemic infection | an infection that has spread to more than one region of the body |
| sharp | any instrument with a sharp edge or point, such as a scalpel, scissors, or a needle |
| topical | applied to the skin or affected area |
| anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow |
| aerobic bacteria | bacteria that require oxygen to grow |
| teratogenic | Causing abnormalities in the fetus. |
| antiseptic | A cleaning agent applied to living tissue to destroy pathogens |
| latent infection | One in which the symptoms disappear and recur, while the disease-causing agent remains in the body. |
| sterile | Completely free of pathogens. |
| sterilant | A substance that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life in an inanimate environment. |
| disinfectant | A chemical substance that destroys or eliminates specific species of infectious microorganisms. It is not usually effective against bacterial spores. |
| infection | A disease process that results from the entry and spread of a microorganism. |
| contagious/communicable disease | A disease that is spread from person to person. |
| immunity | An individual's ability to fight off disease. |
| active infection | An infection in which signs and symptoms are present. |
| otitis media | An infection of the middle ear. |
| acute infection | An infection that is time limited. |
| quarantine | Isolating or separating a client, client-care unit or facility. |
| bactericidal | Killing microorganisms. |
| local infection | An infection that is confined to a specific region of the body. |
| sanitization | Removal of gross contaminations and some microorganisms from instruments, skin, and so on, the lowest level of medical hygiene. |
| sterile techniques | Methods to avoid contamination of sterile materials. |
| pathogen | A microorganism that causes disease. |
| disinfection | A more thorough removal of contaminants than sanitization but less thorough than sterilization. |
| nonpathogenic | Non causing disease. |
| opportunistic infection | An infection that does not ordinarily cause disease but does so under certain circumstances, for example, in compromised immune systems; so called because it takes advantage of an ""opportunity". |
| microorganism | An organism so small that it can only be seen under a microscope. |
| remission | A period in which a chronic infection shoes no symptoms. |
| exacurbation | A period in which a chronic infection shows symptoms. |
| chronic infection | One that is persistent over a long period of time, perhaps life. |
| sanitizer | A substance that significantly reduces the bacterial population in an inanimate environment but does not destroy all bacteria or other microorganisms. |
| bacteriostatic | Reducing or inhibiting the number of microorganisms. |
| relapse | The re-emergence of an initial infection after it appears to have subsided but has not been cured. |
| recurrent infection | A distinct episode of an infection after recovery from the initial infection; may involve the same pathogens or different ones. |
| immunoglobulin | A serum that contains antibodies that can help protect an exposed person from contracting the disease. |
| asepsis | A state in which pathogens are absent or reduced. There are two principal types of asepsis: medical and surgical. |
| sterilization | The process of destroying all microorganisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses. The highest level of cleanliness. |
| virulence | The power of a microbe to produce a disease in a particular host. |
| contamination | The presence of pathogens on an object. |
| post exposure prophylasis | Treatment after exposure to a pathogen. |
| asymptomatic | Without clinical signs or symptoms. |
Created by:
lexieeesmith
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