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Heme 2
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| normal range for K+ | 3.8-4.5 meq/L |
| normal range for Na+ | 135-148 meq/L |
| normal range for Cl | 98-108 meq/l |
| normal range for BUN | 8-18mg/dl |
| normal range for creatinine | 0.7-1.3 for men 0.6- 1.1 for women |
| normal range for bicarb ( total CO2) | 22-28 meq/l |
| normal range for total cholesterol | less than 200mg/dl |
| normal range for triglycerides | 10-190 mg/dl |
| panel 7 consists of | K+, Na+, Cl, glucose, CO2, BUN, creatinine |
| monitors kidney function | BUN and cratinine |
| major carbohydrate in blood and major source of energy | glucose |
| most common disorder of glucose metabolism | diabetes mellitus |
| elevated blood glucose | hyperglycemia |
| low blood glucose | hypoglycemia |
| produced by the beta cells in the pancrease | insulin |
| first stage of cellular respiration | glycolysis |
| extra glucose is converted into | glycogen |
| glycogen is stored in the | liver |
| fasting blood glucose, pt should be NPO for | 8 hours or longer |
| GGT | glucose tolerance test |
| two hour post prandial glucose is done | 2 hours after eating |
| GGT is done by | taking a fasting BG level, giving pt oral glucose solution to drink, drawing blood samples at 1,2 and 3 hours after. |
| GTT is most commonly done in pregnant women to detect | gestational diabetes |
| most reliable method for diagnosing diabetes | HbgA1C |
| HbgA1C | represents the average glucoses levels over 8-12 weeks |
| how often should an insulin dependent diabetic check his blood sugar each day | 4 times |
| constant hunger, blurred vision, increased thirst,increased urination and initial weight loss are symptoms of | diabetes |
| normal range for fasting glucose | 70-120mg/dl |
| normal range for LDL | less than 100mg/dl |
| normal range for HDL | 40-60mg/dl |
| hyponatremia | low sodium |
| hypernatremia | high sodium |
| hypokalemia | low potassium |
| hyperkalemia | high potassium |
| hypocalcemia | low calcium |
| hypercalcemia | high calcium |
| coagulation means | clotting |
| most common coagulation study done | PT |
| normal INR | 0.8-1.1 |
| most common anticoagulant prescribed | coumadin |
| if the INR is too high what must be done | decrease the dose of coumadin to prevent bleeding |
| normal range for PT | 11-16sec |
| substance that inhibits blood clotting | anticoagulant |
| ESR stands for | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| ESR is done to detect | inflammation |
| ESR is also known as a | sed rate |
| normal ESR for an adult male | 0-10mm/hr |
| normal ESR for a woman over 50 | 0-30mm/hr |
| an elevated sed rate will lead the doctor to | order further testing |
| how long does it take a manual sed rate to result | one hour |
| mononucleosis is caused by | EBV |
| EBV stands for | Epstein Barr Virus |
| mono is primarily transmitted through | saliva |
| mono is also known as the | kissing disease |
| common signs and symptoms of mono may include | fever, sore throat, body aches, headaches, extreme fatigue |
| clinical findings of mono may include | elevated liver enzymes, enlarged spleen and/or enlarged liver |
| symptoms of mono may last up to | six months |
| two options for testing for mono include | serum blood sample sent to the lab, rapid mono test done in the office |
| elevated IgG indicates | past exposure/infection |
| elevated IgM indicates | current infection |
| rapid mono test results in | five minutes |
| the four blood types detected in humans | A,B,AB,O |
| has the A antigen on the RBC with the B antibody floating in the plasma | type A |
| has the B antigen on the RBC with the A antibody floating in the plasma | type B |
| has both A and B antigens on the RBC with nothing floating in the plasma | type AB |
| has neither A or B antigens on the RBC but has both A and B antibodies floating in the plasma | type O |
| universal donor | O- |
| universal recipient | AB+ |
| Rh factor got its name from the | Rhesus monkey |
| if the Rh antigen is present you are | Rh+ |
| if you do not have the Rh antigen you are | Rh- |
| If a pregnant woman is Rh- what injection will she get during her pregnancy | rhogam |
| thyroid panel | T3;T4;TSH |
| cardiac profile | LDH;CPK;AST;CKMB;Troponin |
| lipid panel | total cholesterol; LDL;HDL;triglycerides |
| hepatic(liver) profile | ALT;AST;LDH;GGT;ALP; total protein; total and direct bilirubin |
| BMP;panel 7; renal profile | Na; K; Cl; CO2; glucose; BUN; creatinine |
| evaluates kidney function | BUN; Creatinine |
| evaluates pancreas | amylase and lipase |
| the clumping together of cells | agglutination |
| protein found on RBC | antigen |
| CBC; sed rate(ESR); HgbA1C | lavender |
| PT/PTT/INR | light blue |
| STAT chemistries | mint green |
| ammonia; pH; O2 level; carboxyhemoglobin | dark green |
| blood cultures | yellow |
| drug levels; blood bank tests(type & screen; type & match; blood type) | red |
| routine chemistries: BMP; hepatic panel; thyroid panel; hepatitis panel; thyroid panel; cardiac panel; lipid panel; amylase; lipase | red speckled or gold |
| glucose studies; lactic acid | gray |
| cbc and blood bank testing | pink |
| glucose studies | fasting blood glucose(FBG); post prandial blood glucose; glucose tolerance test(GTT) |
| lavender | EDTA: anticoagulant |
| light blue | Sodium citrate: anticoagulant |
| yellow(blood cultures) | SPS(sodium polyanethol sulfonate) |
| mint green | lithium heparin: anticoagulant |
| dark green | sodium heparin: anticoagulant |
| red | silicone coated(glass); silicone coated /clot activator(plastic) |
| red speckled/gold | serum separator gel and clot activator |
| gray | potassium oxylate(anticoagulant) and sodium fluoride(antiglycolitic) |
| pink | K2EDTA: anticoagulant |
| if using a butterfly needle to draw a PT/PTT, you must first | draw and discard a waste tube |
| prothrombin is produced by the | liver |
| what test is used to regulate Coumadin therapy | PT/INR |
| what test is used to regulate Heparin therapy | PTT |
| abnormal PT/PTT may indicate | liver disease; clotting factor deficiencies |
| ADA stands for | Americans with Disabilities Act |
| LEP stands for | limited English proficiency |
| native language of the deaf in the US | ASA; American sign language |
| this term incorporates ethnicity,race and religious beliefs | cultural diversity |
| culture that takes offense to be touched by the opposite sex | Middle Eastern |
| culture that may consider eye contact to be offensive | Asian |
| culture that considers direct eye contact a sign of respect | Western civilization and Latin cultures |
Created by:
clarevoyant1019
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