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WHI.3 Egypt
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Old Kingdom | Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by the building of the Great Pyramids at Giza; first kingdom after unification between Upper and Lower Egypt |
| Namer/Menes | king who united Upper and Lower Egypt; created the double crown |
| Monarchy | government headed by a king or queen |
| Pyramid | immense, triangular structures that served as resting places for Egyptian kings (pharaohs) after death |
| Pharaoh | an Egyptian god king who was thought to be as powerful and splendid as the gods of the heavens |
| Empire | form of government that unites different territories and peoples under one ruler |
| Ahmose | pharaoh during the New Kingdom who removed the Hyksos from the region |
| Thutmose III | Stepson of Hatshepsut; considered the greatest Pharaoh of the New Kingdom; expanded empire to include Syria and Nubia |
| Nefertiti | wife of Akhenaten who supported his monotheistic beliefs |
| Polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| Book of the Dead | collection of prayers and spells said to help in the afterlife |
| Middle Kingdom | 2050 BC. - 1800 BC.; A time of stability in Egypt: built irrigation projects and canals; capital was moved to Thebes |
| Dynasty | a series of rulers from the same family/lineage |
| Theocracy | a government in which rule is based on religious authority |
| Hyksos | Invading group known for their use of chariots; conquered Lower Egypt, but were defeated by Ahmose |
| Thebes | capital of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom |
| Hieroglyphics | An Egyptian system of writing that used pictures to represent sounds and ideas |
| Abraham | father of Judaism |
| Solomon | (Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC) and building of the Great Temple |
| Exodus | enslaved Hebrews were led out of Egypt by Moses |
| Moses | man who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt; received the Ten Commandments |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| Hatshepsut | Challenged Egyptian way of life by becoming the first female sole pharaoh. Throne was taken by step son who is rumored to have killed her. |
| Akhenaten/Amenhotep IV | Pharaoh who attempted to turn Egypt monotheistic by worshipping only Aten. Changed name to Akhenaten to reflect his beliefs. |
| Ramses II | Historically accepted as the greatest pharaoh of Egypt; created massive building projects; created the first ever recorded peace treaty with the Hittites; believed to be the pharaoh during the Exodus |