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CLHS Fall Review
CLHS Fall Final Exam- Review Activities 08-09
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| primary source | historical item that was created while the event was happening |
| secondary source | item that has been created after the historical event happened (example- textbook) |
| caricature | exaggeration of physical features or characteristics in a political cartoon |
| irony | The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning |
| propaganda | information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause |
| labeling | a brief description given for purposes of identification |
| 5 Themes of Geography | location, lace, human-environment interaction, movement, regions |
| 1787 | US Constitution was signed |
| 1776 | US Declaration was signed |
| 1861-1865 | Civil War |
| 1914-1918 | World War I |
| 1939-1945 | World War II |
| Hammurabi's Code | law code that described punishments as "eye for an eye" |
| slash and burn farming | clearing land for farming |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| animism | belief in the spiritual or supernatural powers found in animals |
| subsistence farming | farmers meet most of their basic needs by growing their own crops |
| patrilineal lineage | where inheritance and family descent are traced thru the father |
| monarchy | when a king or queen rules the nation |
| Neolithic Revolution | beginning of agriculture. People could now settle in one place. |
| Egyptian achievements or inventions | calendar, hieroglyphics, medicine |
| Egyptian pyramid | used for tombs |
| mummification | used to prepare ancient Egyptians for the afterlife |
| Mesopotamia | Tigres and Euphrates Rivers |
| Dangers of living near rivers | rivers are unpredictable |
| barter | trade for what you need |
| Mandate of Heaven | allowed new rulers to justify the overthrow of a declining dynasty |
| karma | belief in how you act affects your status in your next life. Known as action and reaction. |
| ziggurat | where priests of high soial rank directed activities based on religious life |
| Four Noble Truths | when the Buddha proclaims that the cause of suffering is desire |
| Five Pillars of Islam | go on a pilgrimmage to Mecca, pray 5X daily, expected to make donations to charity, fast during Ramadan, profession of faith |
| Holy Bible | Christian book of worship |
| Torah | Jewish book of worship |
| Qur'an | Muslim book of worship |
| Vedas | Buddhist religious book |
| Church | Christian worship building |
| synagogue | Jewish worship building |
| mosque | Muslim worship building |
| Hindusim | Oldest organized religion |
| Islam | Most recent organized religion |
| Martin Luther | German monk who wrote 95 Theses |
| 95 Theses | list of 95 reasons that Martin Luther is upset with the Catholic Church during Middle Ages |
| Indulgences | Martin Luther did not like this. This was way you could pay for dead loves ones to get out of purgatory. |
| Mecca | Important Muslim city. Muslims travel to Mecca for their pilgrimmage or hajj. |
| Religions that are monotheistic | Christianity, Islam, Judaism |
| Changes in church after Protestant Reformation | spread of literacy due to changing languages of Holy book, prevented indulgences, caused religious wars between Catholics and Protestants |
| covenant | sacred agreement or promise |
| Allah | Arabic word for God |
| celibate leaders | Roman Catholic priests |
| Cultural diffusion of religions | caused by missionary work. Soon other cultures use the new religion |
| Prostestant Reformation | name of time period after Martin Luther helped changed the church |
| Buddhist statues | peaceful looking, hands resting in lap |
| Confucious | Chinese philosopher thought government leaders should treat people with respect |
| Wailing Wall | religious item thats important to Christians, Jews and Muslims. Located in Jerusalem |
| Torii gate | gateway or transition from this world to a sacred place. Shinto belief system |
| Shinto belief system | Started in Japan. Associated with torii gate. |
| Daoism | symbol is the yin-yang symbol. Believes in the harmony of opposites |
| Caste system | Unfair social system in India, started by Hinduism beliefs |
| Constantine I | Roman Emperor that helped Christianity |
| people that live in monastaries and convents | monks and nuns |
| The Crusades | religious holy wars fought between Christians and Muslims over control of holy land |
| Jihad | form of religious violence |
| Alexander the Great | king of Macedonia, conquered Persia and Babylon, spread Greek culture from Europe to Africa and Asia |
| democracy | everyone can participate in government |
| oligarchy | small group of men holds power over the entire nation |
| geography of Greece | mountain terrain and small islands forcing Greeks to create independent states |
| tyranny | single ruler who siezes power forcefully |
| Spartan's main interest in life | strong military support. at age 7- young boys taken from home to train in military |
| Macedonia | this is where King Philip and Alexander the Great are from |
| King Philip | father of Alexander the Great |
| democracy from Greece | this is the idea that America took from the Greeks |
| phalanx | Greek military strategic formation of soldiers |
| Pompeii | Year 79 AD, volcano erupted in Mt Vesuvius killing many |
| Justinian Code | importance was that this was a way to organize laws in ways that regular people could understand |
| Roman Coliseum | used for an arena for Roman gladiators to fight |
| Roman gladiator | professional fighter used for entertainment |
| Role of Church in Middle Ages | church was the most important role in everyones life |
| Magna Carta | signed year 1215 by King John in England |
| knight | European soldier to protect the King's interests |
| Constantinople protection from invaders | built walls to protect from themselves from enemies |
| chokepoint | geographical feature on land like a sea strait that an enemy must pass |
| Charlemagne | Father of France and Germany. Christian King of the Franks. Big supporter of education. 1st Emperor of united empire since Rome |
| Justinian | He built the Hagia Sophia church, re-conquered Rome and saved Roman laws |
| Impacts on Muslims from the Crusades | Had little impact on Muslims after this long war |
| Impacts on Christians from the Crusades | Had huge impact on Christians after this long war. Took new ideas back to Europe. |
| Italian city-states | this area became rich from trading during the Crusades |
| Marco Polo | Italian trader who went to China and wrote about his travels. Also wrote about Black Death |
| Why people doubted Marco Polo's stories | He never wrote stories on Chinese foot binding or the Great Wall of China |
| Dar al-Islam | this term relates to the Muslim world |
| great cultural exchange between Muslims and Christians | Arabic numerals |
| Genghis Khan | Mongolian leader |
| Genghis Khan accomplishments | he led the largest land empire ever, made Silk Road safe to travel, created Pax Mongolica |
| Silk Road | travel route that extended from China to Rome.... showed that people live along trade routes. Very important trade route during Middle Ages. |
| Christopher Columbus | Explorer for Spain. Wanted to find a direct route to Asia but instead discovered America. |
| 1492 | Year that Columbus found America |
| Black Death | disease that spread from Asia to Europe killing many during the Middle Ages |
| spread of Black Death | ship from China to Europe carried infected rats/fleas |
| Effects of Black Death | this killed much of the population in Europe and Asia |
| Divine Right | when the king in charge feels that his position of power was granted by God |
| Oliver Cromwell | defeated the Royalists during English Civil War |
| Charles I | King of England during English Civil War. Felt he should rule because of divine right. |
| US Bill of Rights | this was signed in 1791. Prohibits US govt from depriving person of life, liberty or property without due process of law |
| English Bill of Rights | English document signed by King William and Queen Mary |
| Englightenment Thinkers | they believe in progress of society, religious freedom, pursuit of happiness |
| 1750-1789 | time period that Enlightenment thinkers found much success in Europe |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | female Enlightenment thinker. She promoted rights for women. |
| 1791 | when US Bill of Rights was created |
| England | this country controlled American colonists |
| complaints of American colonists | taxation without representation and English soldiers were being quartered in American homes without permission |
| habeas corpus | prevents authorities from holding a person in jail without being charged. |
Created by:
cynthialongoria
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