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ANTH LAB 111
Anthropology Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Do apes have tails? | No. |
| Prosimii traits | Dental comb Strange dental formula Large eyes - Nocturnal |
| New World Monkey dental formula | Dental formula, 2133 |
| Name some NWM's | howler, wooly, muriqui, and spider monkeys |
| Name some Prosimii Monkeys | Lemurs, Lorises, Tarsiers |
| In the Taxonimic Chart, what are the two suborders? | Prosimii and Anthropoidea |
| diurnal | awake during daylight hours |
| nocturnal | awake during night hours |
| diastema | a space between two teeth |
| arboreal | tree dwelling |
| bilophodont | lower molars, old world monkeys. Two lphs connecting cusps. |
| bipedalism | walking on two legs |
| brachiators | arm swinging. |
| canine premolar honing comples | dental formula that contains a sharpening tooth |
| folivore | diet consisting primarily of leaves and foliage |
| frugivore | diet consisting primarily of fruit |
| grooming claw | typical of the prosimii order found on the second digit |
| insectivore | diet of insects |
| intermembral index | ratio of the relative length of the forelimbs and the hindlimbs |
| intermembral index formula | Humerous length + Radius length, arm bones _____________________________ Femur length + Tibia length, leg bones x100 arm bones divided by leg bones times 100 |
| Name some New World Monkeys | Cebids, Marmosets |
| Name some Old World Monkeys | Baboons and Macaques, Colobuses and Langurs, Guenons and mangabeys |
| Name some Apes | Gibbons, Orangutans, Chimpanzees, Bonobos, Gorillas |
| Insectivore diet description of teeth | primary diet of insects, sharp, pointy molars - some have a dental comb for stripping bark |
| Folivore diet description of teeth | primary diet of leaves, smaller incisors in relation to other teeth |
| Frugivore | primary diet of fruit, rounded molar cusps used to crush pulp and extract juice. large spatulate like incisors are used to pierce the skin of fruit. |
| Omnivore | both plant and animal diet. a combination of dental traits. Generally have a larger body size compared to many other primates. |
| What are two anatomical features typically found in nocturnal primates? | large eye and rhinarium |
| What is the purpose of the nuchal and sagittal crests? Think diet. | Attaches to the muscles/size of animal usually indicates larger muscles in order to chew large amounts of food. |
| What is the purpose of the honing complex? | Sharpens teeth. Large pointy canines. |
| What type of foods are spatuluate incisors good for eating? | Fruit |
| What do aye-ayes eat? | Insects |
| What does VCL stand for? | Vertical Clinging and Leaping |
| What does an IM index of 50-80 mean? | Bipedal or VCL (vertical climbing) |
| What does an IM index of 80-100 mean? | Quadrupedal or semi-brachiator |
| What does an IM index of 100-150 mean? | Suspensory - swinging |
| What's the difference between VCL and bipedal | VCL-more proportionate limbs Bipedal - longer legs |
| What trait would brachiated animals have? | longer arms |
| What locomotion trait would be found in animals that walk upright? | Bipedal - longer legs |
| What is a knucklewalker | An animal that walks on its knuckles. |
| Monogamy | One adult male, one adult female and their offspring |
| Polygyny | One adult male, multiple adult females and their offspring |
| Promiscuity | Adult males and females (with no defined mating partners) and their offspring |
| What does reproductive fitness mean? | Enough characteristics to pass to offspring; number of grandchildren |
| How could you identify a sexually monogamous primate? | sexual dimorphism 10%, no sexual competition |
| What is Polyandry? | Refers to one female with many males. The female will be 50% larger. |
| Quadrepedal | arms equal to legs in length |
| Loph | an enamel ridge connecting cusps on a tooth's surface. |
| Nuchal crest | bone running horizontally across the occipital bone of the skull. The back of the skull. |
| What is an opposable thumb? | It can touch each of the four fingertips, enabling grasping. |
| Pentadactyly | having five digits |
| Presensile | grasping tail |
| quadrumanous | a type of locomotion in which suspensory animals use their feet in the same manner as their hands for climbing |
| rhinarius | the naked surface of the nose that it typically wet, only present in some Prosimii. |
| Sagittal crest | bone located at the midline of the cranium, running from front to back of the skull. |
| Taxonomy | refers to the classification of organisms into a system that reflects a degree of relatedness. |
| What characteristics do primates have? | post orbital protection opposable thumbs nails |
| prosimiian characteristics | dental comb big eyes rhinarium weird dental formula post orbital bar |
| anthropoids | post orbital plate monkeys, apes, humans |
| Cercopithecoid | Bilophodent tail OWM |
| Hominoid | Y-5 molar no tail |
| platyrrhine | All NWM found in central and south america |
| catarrhine | All OWM, apes, and humans |
Created by:
princessrhondie
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