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World History:Unit10
Sydney Huynh
Term | Definition |
---|---|
radical | a person who will break the law to make political or social change. |
aristocracy | group of noble families |
conservative | a person who does not want to change the current political or social climate. |
liberal | a person who seeks political change by working with-in the law. |
enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. |
napoleonic code | A set of laws made in 1804 that guaranteed certain freedoms for the people of France. French law is still based on this code. |
Voltaire | French writer who believed in the freedom of speech and the separation of religion and government. |
abdicate | renounce, give up a throne/office formally |
Locke | Enlightenment thinker who explained that all men have Natural Rights, which are Life, Liberty, and Property, and that the purpose of government was to protect these rights. |
estates general | representative body made up of three classes of French society: clergy, nobles, commoners |
Opium War | Chinese war with Great Britain to rid China of British influence |
revolutionary | An extreme supporter of complete political or social change. Often but not always achieved through violence. |
natural law | pattern in the behavior of the universe, including laws of motion and gravity; observed during the european enlightenment by thinkers such as Isaac Newton |
Montesquieu | philosophe who proposed in On the Spirit of the Laws that the separation of powers keeps any individual or group from gaining total control of government |
Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679). |
Rousseau | French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778). |
bourgeoisie | The social class between the lower and upper classes. |
coup d' etat | The overthrow of a government |
Social Contract | people give up their individual sovereignty to state in exchange for peace and order |
Guerilla Warfare | Spanish word for little war; fighting comprised of hit-and-run attacks |
enlightened despot | Idealized monarch that takes on the ideas of the enlightenment. |
proletariat | A social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages. |
nationalism | The doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other. |
Commodore Perry | Naval officer who opened trade with Japan by taking a fleet of warships into Tokyo harbor. |
divine right | political theory that a ruler derives his or her power directly from God and is accountable only to God |
limited monarchy | A government in which the monarch's power is limited by the law. |