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Age of Revolution
flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Montesquieu | Philosopher who proposed in On the Spirit of the Laws that the separation of powers keeps any individual or group from gaining total control of government |
| Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings(1588-1679) |
| Rousseau | French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution |
| Bourgeoisie | The social class between the lower and upper classes |
| Radical | A person who will break the law to make political or social change |
| Aristocracy | Group of noble families |
| Coup d'e tat | The overthrow of a government |
| Conservative | A person who does not want to change the current political or social climate |
| Social contract | People give up their individual sovereignty to state in exchange for peace and order |
| Guerilla warfare | Spanish word for little war; fighting comprised of hit-and-run attacks |
| Liberal | A person who seeks political change by working with-in the law |
| Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions |
| Enlightened despot | Idealized monarch that takes on the ideas of the enlightenment |
| Napoleonic code | A set of laws made in 1804 that guaranteed certain freedoms for the people of France. French law is still based on this code |
| Proletariat | A social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages |
| Nationalism | The doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other |
| Commodore perry | Naval officer who opened trade with Japan by taking a fleet of warships into Tokyo harbor |
| Divine right | Political theory that a ruler derives his or her power directly from God and is accountable only to God |
| Voltaire | French writer who believed in the freedom of speech and the separation of religion and government |
| Abdicate | Renounce, give up a throne/office formally |
| Locke | Enlightenment thinker who explained that all men have Natural Rights, which are Life, Liberty, and Property, and that the purpose of government was to protect these rights |
| Estates general | Representative body made up of three classes of French society: clergy, nobles, commoners |
| Limited monarchy | A government in which the monarch's power is limited by the law |
| Opium war | Chinese war with Great Britain to rid China of British influence |
| Revolutionary | An extreme supporter of complete political or social change. Often but not always achieved through violence |
| Natural law | Pattern in the behavior of the universe, including laws of motion and gravity; observed during the European Enlightenment by thinkers such as Isaac Newton |
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83celbak
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