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Chapter 5
Human Anatomy & Phyisiology Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acidosis | |
| diaphragm | |
| neuron | fundamental unit of the nervous system 2 main structural divisions are: CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system) |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers and toes. |
| distal | farthest from center of body |
| alkalosis | |
| anabolism | constructive process in body -how body converts simple compounds to complex substances to carry out cellular activity. |
| endocrine glands | |
| pituitary gland | |
| prone/pronation | pt lying on stomach, face down. -- in phlebotomy, palm face down. |
| dorsal (posterior) | pertaining to the back of the body |
| alveoli | |
| anabolism | |
| anatomic position | standing erect, arms at sides, w/ eyes and palms facing forward. |
| exocrine glands | glands that secrete substances thru ducts - oil and sweat glands. |
| proximal | nearest the center of the body, origin, point of attachment |
| frontal plane | |
| anatomy | |
| anterior (ventral) | located in the front of the body |
| sagital plane | divides body vertically into right and left portions. |
| gametes | Sex cells. |
| ventral cavities | located in the front of the body and include thoracic cavity (heart and lungs), abdominal cavity (stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys), pelvic cavity (urinary bladder and reproductive organs). |
| transverse plane | divides body horizontally into upper and lower portions. |
| synovial fluid | colorless fluid contained in the bursa to help ease movement over and around joints. |
| surfactant | substance that coats the walls of the alveoli, lowering the surface tension and helping to keep alveoli inflated. |
| supine/supination | pt lying on back with face up -- in phlebotomy, palm face up. |
| nephron | microscopic functional unit of the kidneys. |
| mitosis | cell duplication that involves DNA doubling and cell division. |
| metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life. |
| meninges | 3 layers of connective tissue that enclose and protect the spinal cavity. |
| hormones | powerful chemical substances that have effect on many body processes (metabolism, growth & development, personality, etc) |
| homeostasis | balanced "steady state" condition. body does this by compensating for changes in a process involving feedback and regulation in response to internal/external changes. |
| hemopoiesis | the production of blood cells, normally occuring in the bone marrow. |
| catabolism | ca-tab-o-lism - destructive process by which complex substances are broken down, usually w release of energy. |
| cartilage | type of hard non-vascular connective tissue. |
| bursae | the sac containing synovial fluid. The fluid eases friction between joint parts or tendons and bones. |
| body plane | Imaginary cut thru a body in the anatomical position - can be vertical or horizontal. |
| body cavities | large hollow spaces in the body housing various organs - dorsal and ventral (according to the location in the body). |
| axons | fibers in neurons that carry messages AWAY from the nerve cell body. Dendrites carry message TO it. |
| avascular | contains no blood or lymph vessels. The epidermis is avascular |
| anterior (ventral) | front of the body |
Created by:
MissSandy
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