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World Civ People
Semester One Exam
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Copernicus | develops heliocentric theory |
| Kepler | scientist who mathematically proved Copernicus' theory to be correct |
| Galileo Galilei | makes many discoveries about the universe. Supports heliocentric- went against church. Put on house arrest until death |
| Bacon | urges SCIENTISTS to experiment before drawing conclusions |
| Descartes | advocates using logic, MATH to reason out basic truths- developed analytical geometry. "I think therefore I am" |
| Issac Newton | develops theory of motion, says earth is like a mechanical clock |
| Andreas Vesalius | improves knowledge of anatomy |
| Edward Jenner | produces world's first vaccine-small pox |
| Finneus Gage | got everyone interested in studying brains- metal rod through his head |
| Zacharias Janssen | developed microscope |
| Antwon Van Leeuwenhoek | looked at red blood cells for the first time |
| Torricelli | barometer |
| Robert Boyle | father of chemisty, argues that matter is made of many different particles. Wrote The Sceptacle of Chemists |
| Hobbes | distrusts humans, favors strong gov to keep order- promotes social contract. Father of revolution (so many ppl thought he was wrong and went against him) |
| Locke | says gov gets power from ppl. Natural Rights- life, liberty, and property |
| Voltaire | influential philosophe, publishes many works arguing tolerance and reason. See his impact in the bill of rights |
| Montesquieu | French writer who admires Britain's government system. SEPARATION OF POWERS |
| Rousseau | philosophe who favors individual freedom and direct democracy |
| Beccaria | works to reform JUSTICE SYSTEM |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | prominent writer who urges greater rights for women. wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women |
| Denis Diderot | published the Encyclopedia |
| Samuel Richardson | wrote Pamela, considered first true English novel |
| Fredrick the Great | king of Prussia reforms education and justice systems. fails to end serfdom |
| Joseph II | king of Austria. Most radical. allows freedoms of worship and press, abolishes serfdom |
| Catherine the Great | Russia. Seeks to abolish capital punishment and torture- fails. GAins land for Russia |
| King George III | Britian. Didn't think anyhting of colonists. Threw Olive Branch Petition in the fire |
| Sieyes | Influential at the National Assembly- persusades them to make maor changes in the French gov |
| Maximilien Robespierre | Jacobin leader who rules France for a year- Reign of Terror. says he wants a republic of virtue |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | made commander of armies in France. Quickly Becomes leader, then dictator of France. Did many good things but was too power hungry |
| Klemens von Metternich | foreign minister of Austria, influential at the Congress of Vienna. Wanted a balance of power |
| Gaskell | Woman writer who described what ppl were exposed to in lower classes. wrote Mary Barton |
| Samuel Slater | English textile worker who builds mill in the US. Father of Amerincan Industrialization. Smuggled plans from Britian |
| Adam Smith | father of modern day economics. defender of free markets. author of The Wealth of Nations. 3 Economic Natural Laws- self intrest, competition, supply and demand |
| Thomas Malthus | said too much population results in misery and poverty- wars, epidemics, plagues, famines are good |
| David Ricardo | says there always should be a poor working class to provide cheap labor |
| Jeremy Bentham | had an idea of utilitarianism that would judge things by their usefulness |
| John Stuart Mill | favors regulation to help workers and spread wealth |
| Robert Owen | improves workers conditions, rents cheap housing, sets up utopian community- New Harmony in Indiana |
| Karl Marx | German journalist who proproses a radical socialsim, Marxism- Communist Manifesto |
| Friedrich Engels | German who helped with Communist Manifesto |
| Jane Addams | sets up homes excepted over 2000 every week |
| William Wilberforce | wanted to abolish slavery |
| Horace Mann | free public schools in Europe |
| Henry Stanley | helps King of Belgium acquire land in the Congo found Dr. Livingston |
| King Leopold II | Belgium. brutally exploits Africans. Power taken away |
| Shaka | Zulu Chief. Military genius. created centralized state |
| Samori Toure | fights french in West Africa for 16 yrs |
| Menelik II | emperor of Ethiopia who resists Europeans. Known for being very strategic and ahead of his time in the military |
| Selim III | attempts to modernize the army but is overthrown because he couldn't unite the people |
| Mehemed VI | last great Sulten of Ottoman Empire |
| Muhammad Ali | breaks away from Ottoman control and rules Egypt. Known as founder of modern egypt. begins a series of reforms in military and economy |
| Robert Clive | led the East India Co to victory in the battle of Plassey over Indian and French forces. |
| Ram Mohun Roy | well liked Indian who leads modernization movement |
| King Mongkut | modernizes Siam (Modern day Thailand) |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | leads Filipino nationalists against US rule |
| Queen Liliuokalani | tries to restore Hawaiian control but is overthrown by US buisness men |
| Hong Xiuquan | recruits followers to build new China. Leads Taiping Rebellion |
| Dowager Empress Cixi | rules China most yrs from 1862- 1908. supports reforms aimed at education, gov, military but otherwise prefers traditional ways |
| Emperor Guangxu | emacts reforms (stronger than Cixi) and was forced to resign b/c of his nontraditional ways |
| Perry | brought a huge fleet to Japan and caused them to make a treaty |
| Domingo Sarmiento | reformer who improved education in Latin America |
| Juan Vincente Gomez | known for Venezuela's modernization |
| Jose Marti | Cuban writer who launches war for Cuban independance against Spain |
| Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana | dominates Mexican politics serves as president 4 times between 1833 and 1855 |
| benito juarez | liberal reformer who wanted to make changes in Mexico. La Reforma- redistrobute land, reform education, separation of church and state |
| Archduke Maximilian | Austrian. Sent by French to rule Mexico. Defeated after five years |
| Porfirio Diaz | ORDER AND PROGRESS. caudillo who took power in Mexico. ends reforms and builds his own power |
| Francisco Madero | called for armed revolt against Diaz. eventually elected president but when unrest continues, he resigns |
| "Pancho" Villa | popular revolutionary from the NORTH of Mexico. robin hood tactics- take money from rich give it to the poor |
| Emiliano Zapata | revolutionary leader from SOUTHERN mexico |
| Victoriano Huerta | becomes president after Madero |
| Carranza | becomes pres after 15 yrs of fighting |
| Alvaro Obregon | ousts Carranza and continues reforms |
| Otto Von Bismarck | uses war to unite Germany. Calls germany a satisfied power and looks to isolate France. |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | becomes German ruler who dropped the treaty with Germany and strengthens navy- worries britian |
| Gavrilo Princip | 19 yr old black hand who kills the heir to the Austrian throne, France Ferdinand and his wife Sophie |
| Arthur Zimmermann | Germany's foreign secretary who sent a telegraph to Mexico promising to give MX its stolen land back from the US and would fund the war if they joined |
| Woodrow Wilson | US president. Big Four. |
| Georges Clemenceau | "Tiger." French ruler. Big Four. |
| David Lloyd George | Great Britian. Big Four. |
| Vittorio Orlando | Italy. Big Four. |
| Lenin | bolshevik leader who was an iinspiring leader who controlled Russia through Communism |
| Czarina Alexandra | Russia. Nicholas II's wife who ran the gov while husband was away. influenced heavily by Rasputin |
| Rasputin | mysterious "holy man" helped Alexis with his hemophilia. Influenced the royal family of Russia |
| Trotsky | leader of the red army. competed with Stalin to replace Lenin as dictator of Russia |
| Stalin | took over Russia after Lenin died. ruled harshly. Great Purge- killed everyone who he thought was an enemy |
| Sun Yixian | first great leader of Nationalist party in China |
| Mao Zedong | helps form Chinese Communist Party who was greatly admired in CHina |
| Jiang Jieshi | NAtionalist leader after Sun died. opposed communism. becomes president but is resented by communists |
| Mohandas K. Gandhi | becomes leader of the independance movement in India. Blends many religions. Non-violence. |
| Mustafa Kemal | Turkish general who overthrew the Ottoman sultan. Becomes pres of the Republic of Turkey |
| Reza Shah Pahlavi | took power of Persia and began modernization. Doesn't share power |
| Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud | unifies Arabia- renames it to Saudi Arabia. keeps many islamic traditions but modernizes some aspects of life |
| Albert Einstein | born in Germany. Theory of Relativity |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian doctor that claimed human behavior is not based on reason- lots of what we do is based on unconsious |
| Kafka | wrote novel that reflected uneaasiness of the postwar years |
| Joyce | wrote novels that reflected Freud's ideas about the mind. Ulysses. |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | urges the return to ancient heroic values. influenced communist leaders and Mussolini |
| Jean Paul Sarte | leader and founder of existentialism |
| Charles Lindbergh | first to fly alone across the Atlantic. won an international prize and fame |
| Henry FOrd | introduced the Ford Model T |
| Amelia Earheart | first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. Dissapeared |
| Marconi | radio and telegraph |
| Charlie Chapman | comic genius. No words in movies. |
| Kellogg | US secretary of state. Kellog-Briand Pact |
| Briand | France's foreign minister. Kellog-Briand pAct |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | American pres. during the great depression. introduced the New Deal. |
| Benito Mussolini | Facist party leader who promised to rescue Italy. Takes firm control over gov. abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except Facists |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader. wrote mein Kampf (My struggle) written in jail. Becomes German leader. Turns Germany into totalitarian state. |
| Francisco Franco | Spanish general who led a rebellion. Becomes Spain's Facist dictator |
Created by:
elze126
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