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people's names
history flashcards chp 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| JETHRO TULL | invented a seed "drill," or planter, that did away with the wasteful scattering of seed |
| CHARLES TOWNSEND | introduced a new system of crop rotation |
| ROBERT BAKEWELL | used selective breeding to produce larger and healthier farm animals |
| JOHN KAY | improvements in the textile industry began in 1733, when John Kay invented a "flying shuttle", which made it possible for a weaver to work faster and to weave cloth of greater width |
| JAMES HARGREAVES | solved this problem with the invention of the spinning jenny. (The word JENNY may be derived from GIN, the local dialect term for engine.) |
| RICHARD ARKWRIGHT | invented a spinning frame that not only produced thread superior to the spinning jenny but also was powered by water. industry, Arkwright is often called the "Father of the Industrial Revolution." Because his spinning frame were too large for home use, he |
| SAMUEL CROMPTON | other improvements began to come to the cotton industry in quick succession. In 1779 Crompton invented an even larger spinning machine called the "spinning mule." His machine, operated by one person, could spin a thousand threads at a time. |
| ELI WHITNEY | in 1793 the American inventor Eli Whitney devised a simple cotton gin with which one man could do the work of fifty "pickers."cotton goods proceeded at a furious pace. Now spinning, weaving, and the preparation of raw cotton could keep pace with one anoth |
| HENRY CORT | in 1784 he invented a process by which iron ore was "puddled" (stirred) in the furnace to rid it of impurties. he also developted a method of rolling and hammering the iron to produce a versatile product called wrought iron. |
| HENRY BESSEMER | Not until 1856 was an inexpensive and efficient steel-making process devised. The man responsible for developing it was Henry Bessemer, who found that shooting a jet of ait into molten iron would help rid it of more impurities. Then, by adding carbon and |
| other metals, he developted steel. With this process, steel production increased tremendously. For example, Britain, Germany, France, and Balgarium produced only 125,000 tons of steel and 1860; in 1913 they produced more than 32,000,000 tons. For this | |
| reason, the first stage of the Industrial Revolution has been called the "age of iron," the later stage the "age of steel." | |
| JAMES WATT | in 1769, a Scotman named James Watt desighned the first practical and efficient steam engine. He improved the design of an erlier steam engine, making one that would provide enouph power to run heavy machinery. Steam power made it possible of factories to |
| be strategically located near markets or sources of raw materials instead of near a source of water power. | |
| JOHN MCADAM | By 1788, Britain had 18 thousand miles of road, many of which were built u sing a method devised by John McAdam. Constracted with tightly packed crushed rocks, "macadamized" rto travel than evoads provided a smooth an durable surface. |
| RICHARD TREVITHICK | in 1804 built a steam-powered locomotive. |
| GEORGE STEPHENSON | pulled a train of cars for the first time. |
| ROBERT FULTON | About the same time that Trevithick put a steam engine in wheels, American Robert Fulton put a stean engine in a ship. Although not the first person to do so, he was the first person to operate a steamboat as a commercial success. |
| ORVILLE and WILLBUR WRIGHT | in 1903, 2 brothers, made the first successful airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. |
| HENRY FORD | in 1908, began production of his famous Model T automobile. |
| WILLIAM WILBERFORCE | led the antislavery movement. Motivated by Christian faith and a sincere compassion for his fellow man. Wilberforce campaigned against the slave trade. His efforts were rewarded when in 1807 Parliament passed a law abolishing the slave trade in British te |
| BENJAMIN DISRAELI | was involved in foreign affairs |
| WILLIAM GLADSTONE | the leader of the new Liberal Party. |
| ROBERT OWEN | a textile manufacturer, established one such community for his workers at his textile mill in Scotland. He later established an agricultural community at New Harmony, Indiana. |
| KARL MARX | son of a prominent German lawyer. Marx abandoned the study of law to study philosophy and history. |
| FRIEDRICH ENGELS | other Utopian socialists during the early communist movement in France. |
| ROBERT RAIKES | one of the earliest movements founded to minister to the laboring classes in the cities was the SUnday school. Sunday schools, first begun in England in the late 18th century by Robert Raikes, sought to reach the poor, illiterate, working-class children. |
| GEORGE MUELLER | perhaps the best-known orphanages were founded by George Mueller in Bristol, England. |
| WILLIAM BOOTH | another ministry with worldwide impact was the Salvation Army, which was founded by WIlliam Booth. |
| DWIGHT L. MOODY | other evangelists brought about a second surge. |
| CHARLES DARWIN | the man who laid the basis for the modern theories of biological evolution |
| JOHN DALTON | English, proposed that all chemical elements were composed of unique particles called atoms |
| DMITRI MENDELEEV | organized the chemical elements in a chart according to their atomic masses. His system of classification is called the periodic table. |
| WILLIAM ROENTGEN | accidentally discovered x-rays while working with vacuum tubes. |
| HENRY MOSELEY | discovered more about atoms |
| PIERRE and MARIE CURIE | found two new elements in uranium are called pitchblende. |
| ERNEST RUTHERFORD | British, he stated that the atom was composed of at least 2 distinct parts-a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrones. |
| NIELS BOHR | built on Rutherford's theory. |
| ALBERT EINSTEIN | showed the relationship between matter and energy, which he demonstrated through the equation E=me2 |
| CHARLES DICKENS | was the earliest realist writer |
| THOMAS HARDY | portrayed man as engaged in a hopeless struggle against impersonal forces beyond his control |
| SAMUEL CLEMENS | better known by his pen name, Mark Twain, viewed life as did Hardy; unlike Hardy; however, he used humor to convey his ideas |
| LEO TOLSTOY | realistically described life in Russia during the Napoleonic Wars |
| GUSTAVE COURBET | a famous realist painter, "an abstract object, invisible or nonexistent, does not belong to the domain of painting." |
| AUGUSTE RENOIR | the most famous of the French impressionists |
| CLAUDE MONET | the most famous of the french impressionists |
| AUGUSTE RODIN | was one of the foremost sculptors of the 19th century. |
| CLAUDE DEBUSSY | was largely responsible for the impressionist style in music |
| PAUL CEZANNE | believed that impressionism rejected too many traditional artistic concepts and advocated a style that became known as post-impressionism |
| VINCENT VAN GOPH | believed that impressionism rejected too many traditional artistic concepts and advocated a style that became known as post-impressionism |
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