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Muscular System

TermDefinition
Plantar fascitis Chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia
Myofascial pain syndrome The presence of localized trigger points
Whiplash A sprain or strain of the cervical spine and surrounding musculature.
Shin Splints Pain along the tibia
muscle spindles Stretch receptors located within the muscle belly.
Golgi tendon organs Located in the musculotendinous junctions and detect tension applied to the tendon during slow static stretching
Sarcoplasm Cytoplasm within muscle cells
Sarcolemma The cell membrane and encases the sarcoplasm and the organelles
T tubules Transverse tubules. They run transversely across the sarcoplasmic reticulum forming inward channels
Sarcomere The muscles contractile unit
Thin myofilaments Made up of actin, tropomyosin and troponin
Thick myofilaments Made up of myosin
Isotonic contraction Muscle tone remains the same
Concentric Muscle contracts and shorten
Eccentric Muscle contracts and lengthens
Endomysium Connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle fibers
Perimysium Connective tissue layer that surrounds fasciculi
Deep fascia Fibrous bands of connective tissue that surround muscle groups
Superficial fascia Facial layer beneath the skin
Shapes: spiral Muscle fibers twist between points of attachment . Ex: latissimus dorsi
Shapes: circular Muscles have a circular arrangement. Ex: orbital arid oris
Shapes: pennate Muscles are arranged with a tendon and muscle fibers extend from the tendon diagonally giving it a feather like appearance
Unipennate Flexor hallucis longus
Bipennate Rectus femoris
Multipennate Deltoid
Shapes:parallel Fibers run parallel to the long axis of the muscle spindle shaped. Ex: rectus abdominus
Shapes: convergent Muscle fibers converge at 1 end with fibers spreading out like blades of a fan at the other end
Neuromuscular junction The junction between the motor neuron and motor end plate.
Synaptic cleft The space occupying the neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine The main neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction
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