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PHS Unit 6, Part 1
Anatomy, Physiology & Body Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anatomy | Study of structures of the body |
| physiology | Study of the functions of the structures of the body |
| pathophysiology | Study of the processes of disease in the body |
| homeostasis | Process that maintains balance of the body’s internal environment in response to changes in the external environment |
| cells | Microscopic structures that carry out all functions of life |
| tissues | Cells of similar type join together for a common purpose |
| epithelial tissue | Covers surface of the body; lining of organs & body cavities |
| connective tissue | Supports organs & body parts |
| 3 types of connective tissue | soft; hard; liquid |
| 2 types of soft connective tissue | adipose & fibrous |
| 2 types of hard connective tissue | bone & cartilage |
| 2 types of liquid connective tissue | blood & lymph |
| adipose connective soft tissue | insulates the body & is stored energy |
| fibrous connective soft tissue | holds structures together (examples: ligament & tendons) |
| bone hard connective tissue | gives the body rigid structure |
| cartilage hard connective tissue | acts as a shock absorber and allows for flexibility; found at end of long bones & between vertebrea |
| blood liquid connective tissue | transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries away waste products |
| lymph liquid connective tissue | transports waste products and proteins out of spaces between the cells of the body tissues |
| 4 types of tissue | epithelial, connective, nerve and muscle |
| nerve tissue | controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting messages |
| muscle tissue | produces power and movement |
| dehydration | insufficient amount of water in tissues |
| edema | excess amount of fluid in tissues |
| visceral (smooth) muscle tissue | present in lining of digestive, respiratory & urinary systems |
| cardiac muscle tissue | causes the heart to beat |
| skeletal muscle tissue | attaches to bone & provides movement |
| integumentary system | hair, nails, skin, sweat and oil glands |
| integumentary sysytem | helps regulate body temperature; protect body from dehydration, infection and injury |
| skeletal system | bones and cartilage |
| skeletal system | creates structure and framework of the body; produces blood cells; protects internal organs |
| muscular system | skeletal, visceral (smooth) & cardiac muscles |
| muscular system | contract and relax to enable body movements; generate heat |
| nervous system | nerves, brain, spinal cord and special sense organs |
| nervous system | sends electrical messages throughout body to coordinate and control body activities |
| circulatory or cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels and blood |
| circulatory or cardiovascular system | transports blood around body to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products |
| lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils and thymus glad |
| lymphatic system | removes waste from tissues, helps with immunity and absorbs fat and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine |
| respiratory system | lungs, nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi |
| respiratory system | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| digestive system | mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancrease |
| digestive system | physical/chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; transports food and eliminates waste |
| urinary system | kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| urinary system | filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance; eliminates waste via urine |
| endocrine system | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal and gonads |
| endocrine system | secretes hormones to regulate body processes |
| reproductive system | females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts males: testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis |
| reproductive system | enables reproduction |
| osteoporosis | soft, porous bones due to lack of adequate calcium in the diet |
| muscle sprain | overstretching or tear in a ligament |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | chronic, progressive and disabling disease of the nervous system |
| atherosclerosis | fatty plaque build-up in the arterial walls |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening/thickening of the arterial walls |
| adenitis | inflammation of the glands due to an infection |
| emphysema | non-infectious lung disease when the alveoli lose their elasticity; primary cause is tobacco use |
| diarrhea | loose, watery stools due to inflection, stress, poor diet or an irritated colon |
| constipation | hard, infrequent stools due to lack of fiber and water intake and lack of exercise |
| urethritis | urinary tract infection |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic illness due insufficient insulin |
| muscle strain | overstretching of a muscle and/or tendon |
| organs | two or more tissues join together to perform a specific function |
| body systems | several organs and body parts join together for a common function |
Created by:
vorachekt
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