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A new civilization
| What did they do when they attacked against Spanish Muslimsi inspired? | Poem, " The Song Of Roland." |
| What are the three important Frankish leaders? | Charles Martel, Pepin the Short, & Charlemagne. |
| What tribes divided Europe into kingdoms? | Germanic tribes. |
| When did Charlemagne became king? | He became king in 768. |
| How did Charlemagne ruled his kingdom? | He ruled his kingdom personally. |
| Who did Charlemagne defeated? | He defeated the Saxons. |
| What was Pepin the Short first king of? | He was the first king of a new dynasty called Carolingian. |