misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous New World peoples; still used to describe Native Americans.

succeeded Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; strong militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E.

religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula.

Toltec deity; feathered serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god.

founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power.

major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain.

Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god.

leading Aztec king of the 15th century.

beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create “floating islands”; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs.

merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long distance trade in luxury items.

clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors.

Inca ruler (1438–1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation of an Inca empire.

households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from a common, sometimes mythical ancestor.

Inca word for their empire; region from Colombia to Chile and eastwardinto Bolivia and Argentina.

Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca’s mummy.

Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas.

way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages.

labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.

an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole.

a class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility.

system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.

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12. EArly Americas

Ap World History - Summerville High School

Term	Definition
Indians	misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous New World peoples; still used to describe Native Americans.
Toltec culture	succeeded Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; strong militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E.
Topiltzin	religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula.
Quetzalcoatl	Toltec deity; feathered serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god.
Tenochtitlan	founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power.
Tlaloc	major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain.
Huitcilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god.
Nezhualcoyotl	leading Aztec king of the 15th century.
chinampas	beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create “floating islands”; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs.
pochteca	merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long distance trade in luxury items.
calpulli	clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors.
Pachacuti	Inca ruler (1438–1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation of an Inca empire.
ayllus	households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from a common, sometimes mythical ancestor.
Twantinsuyu	Inca word for their empire; region from Colombia to Chile and eastwardinto Bolivia and Argentina.
split inheritance	Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca’s mummy.
Temple of the Sun	Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas.
tambos	way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages.
mita	labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.
Inca socialism	an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole.
yanas	a class of people within Inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanently as servants, artisans, or workers for the Inca or the Inca nobility.
quipu	system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.

Created by: amygilstrap7

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