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Anatomy Exam 3
GI Tract Development
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the 3 regions of the gut | Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut |
Contains the abdominal esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, pancrease, gallbladder, spleen | Foregut |
Contains the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, asceding colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon | Midgut |
Contains the distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum | Hindgut |
The regions of the gut are differentiated based upon | Their blood supply |
The foreguts gets its main blood supply from the descending aorta via the | Celiac trunk |
What are the 3 main branches of the celiac trunk | Splenic, Left Gastric, Common hepatic |
What two branchs off the Splenic | Short gastric aa, Left gastroomental |
What does the Splenic artery supply | Spleen |
What do the short gastric aa supply | Fundus of stomach |
What does the Left gastroomental a supply | Greater curvature of stomach on the left hand side |
What does the Left gastric | Lesser curvature of the stomach on the left hand side |
What two branches does the Common hepatic a give off | Proper Hepatic, Gastroduodenal |
The proper hepatic artery gives of what three branchs | Right and Left Hepatic aa and Right gastric artery |
What do the right and left hepatic aa supply | Liver |
What does the right gastric a supply | Lesser curvature of the stomach on the right hand side |
The Right gastric a anastomoses with what | Left gastric a |
What branches does the gastroduodenal a give off | Right Gastroomental and Pancreaticoduodenal |
What does the Right gastroomental a. supply | Greater curvature of the stomach on the right hand side |
The right gastroomental a anastomoses with what | Left gastroomental a |
The Pancreaticodoudenal a usually has what two branches | Superior and Inferior |
The Midgut gets its main blood supply from the descending aorta via the | Superior mesentaric a |
The five main branches of the superior mesentaric a are | Middle Colic, Right Colic, Ileocolic, Jujenal aa., Ileal aa. |
The Middle Colic a supplies the | Transverse colin |
The Middle Colic a gives of the | Marginal a |
The Right Colic a supplies the | Ascending colin |
What does the Right Colic a anastomose with | Marginal a. |
What does the Ileocolic a supply | The Ilium and Colin |
What are the branches of the Ileocolic a | Posterior cecal and Appendicular |
What does the Posterior cecal a supply | The posterior part of the cecum |
What does teh Appendicular a supply | The Appendix |
What do the jujunal aa supply | Jejunum |
What do the Ileal aa supply | Ilium |
The Jejunal and Ileal aa split into | Loops and arcades, vasa recta |
What is the character of vasa recta in the ileum | Short |
What is the character of the vasa recta in the jejunum | Long |
Which has more arcades the Ilium or the Jejunum | Ilium |
The hindgut receives its major blood supply from the descending aorta via the | Inferior Mesenteric a |
The inferior mesenteric a gives off what branches | Left Colic, Sigmoid a, Superior rectal |
What does the Left Colic a supply | Most of the descending colin |
What branch does the Left Colic a give off | Marginal |
The left marginal artery anastomosis with what | Middle Colic |
What doe the Sigmoid aa supply | Sigmoid colin and lower part of descending colin |
What does the superior rectal a supply | Rectum |
What are the two sets of venous drainage in the abdomen | Caval circulation and Portal circulation |
What does the caval circulation drain | Structures associated with teh abdominal wall; kidneys, gonads, Musculature |
Where does the caval circulation drain into | Inferior vena cava |
What does the portal circulation drain | Structures associated with the gut tube |
Where does the portal circulation drain | Liver |
What do the inferior phrenic vv drain | Diaphragm |
What do the renal vv. drain | Kidneys |
Which renal vein is typically a little longer | Left |
What do the gonadal vv drain | Gonads |
Where does the righ gonadal v drain into | Inferior vena cava |
Where does the left gonadal v drain into | Left Renal v |
What do the common iliac vv drain | Lower limb and some pelvis |
What do the lumbar vv drain | Musculature of lumbar region |
What does the median sacral v drain | Sacrum |
What forms the Portal v | Splenic and Superior Mesenteric v. |
What does the Superior mesenteric v. drain | Much of the large intestine and bits of the small intestine |
What does the Splenic v. drain | Spleen, Stomach, Pancreas |
What also drains into the portal v | Left and right gastric v |
What drains into the splenic vein | Inferior mesenteric v |
What does the inferior mesenteric v drain | Descending colon |
What drains into inferior mesenteric v | Superior rectal v |
What caval veins does the Left gastric vein anastomose with | Sumbucosal Esophageal veins |
What caval vein does the Superior Rectal vein anastomase with | Middle Rectal vein |
What caval veins do the small veins around the ligamentum teres anastomose with | Superficial abdominal veins |
Veins draining the posterior aspects of retroperitoneal organs anastomoase with | Retroperitoneal veins draining the posterior abdominal wall |
In the embryo what lines the gut tube | Endoderm |
Tissue that covers the gut tube is called | Peritoneum |
A double layer of peritoneum that attaches the gut tube to the body is called | Mesentery |
What attaches the gut tube to the dorsal body wall | Dorsal Mesentery |
What attaches the gut tube to the ventral body wall | Ventral mesentary |
Most of the GI tract is surrounded by peritoneum making it | Intraperitoneal |
Some organs have only the anterior surface covered by peritoneum making them | Retroperitoneal |
During forgut development what grows from the dorsal portion | Dorsal portion of stomach, spleen, pancreas |
Dorsal mesenterery becomes what | Greater omentum |
During forgut development what grows from teh ventral portion | Ventral portion of stomach, Liver, Gallbladder |
Ventral mesentery becomes what | Lesser omentum |
During forgut development what happens first | Anterior-Posterior Out growths |
During forgut development what happens second | The stomach rotates 90 degrees clockwise |
The greater omentum forms the boundary of the | Omental bursa |
The lesser omentum covers the | Lesser sac |
What is the opening of the lesser sac called | Omental foramen |
Is the first part of the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal | Intraperitoneal |
The transition to the midgut is where what duct enters into the duodenum | Common bile duct |
The liver and gallbladder develop from the foregut as the | Hepatic Diverticulum |
The pancrease develops from the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds that eventually fuse to form the | Definitive process |
The spleen develops withing the dorsal | Mesogastrium |
The foregut undergoes a ... degree clockwise rotation | 90 |
During embryoligic development the midgut elongates and extends out to the | Umbilical cord |
During development the midgut rotates | 90 Counterclockwise |
During development after the first rotation the midgut tube begins to | Return to the abdominal cavity |
During development after it returns to the abdomin the midgut rotates another | 180 degrees counterclockwise |
During development when the midgut is rotating if the superior mesentaric artery or its brnaches become compressed it is called | Volvulus |
During development if part of the gut tube remains sticking out of the body wall it is called | Gastroschisis or Omphalocele |
What common tube differentiates into the UG and GI systems | Cloaca |
Most of the innervation of the gut is mostly | Autonomic |
The sympathetic nerves that innervate the the gut are the | Greater, Lesser, Least and Lumbar splanchnic nn |
The parasympathetic nerves that innervate the gut are the | Vagus and Pelvic splanchnic nn |
What is the sympathetic innervation for the foregut | Greater splanchnic n |
What is the parapympatheticn innervation for the foregut | Vagus |
What are teh visceral afferent for the foregut | T6-T12 |
What is the sympathetic innervation for the Midgut | Lesser and Least splanchnic nn |
What is the parasympathetic innervation for the midgut | Vagus |
What are the visceral afferents for the midgut | T8-T12 |
What is the sympathetic innervation for the hindgut | Least splanchnic nerve |
What is the parasympathetic innervation for the hindgut | Pelvic splanchnic n |
What are visceral afferents for the hindgut | T12-S4 |