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Physio Exam 5
Pancreas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the functional unit of the endocrine pancreas | Islets of Langerhans |
| What are the four cell types found in the Islets of Langerhans | Alpha, Beta, Delta, F |
| What is the primary hormone produced by alpha cells | Glucagon |
| What is the primary hormone produced by beta cells | Insulin |
| What is the primary hormone produced by delta cells | somatostatin |
| What do F cells produce | Pancreatic polypeptide |
| Proinsulin consists of what fragments | A, B, C |
| Insulin is produced from proinsulin how | The C fragment is cleaved form the A and B fragments which are associated by disulfide bridges |
| When insulin is secreted what else is secreted in an equal amount | C peptide |
| Insulin secretion is primarily stimulated by | Glucose |
| Is more insulin secreted in response to oral or IV glucose | Oral |
| The greater response to oral glucoase is the result of GI hormones release which facilitate beta cell function and insulin secretion. This is called an | Incretin effect |
| Glucose delived via IV stimulate what type of release of insulin | Biphasic |
| The binding of insulin to its receptor can result in the | Activation of multiple second messenger systems |
| What are the effects on insulin on muscle | Stimulates glucose uptake, stimulates protein synthesis, inhibits the breakdown of proteins |
| What are the effects of insulin on adipocytes | Stimulates glucose uptake, stimulates uptake of FFA, stimulates triglyceride production |
| What are the effects of insulin on the liver | Stimulates glucose conversion to glycogen, stimulates glycolysis and triglyceride production, Inhibits glycogenolysis, inhibits gluconeogenesis |
| Secretion of Glucagon is stimulated by | Hypoglycemia, amino acids |
| Secretion of glucagon is inhibited by | Hyperglycemia, Somatostatin |
| Where are the primary effects of glucagon | Liver |
| What are the effects of glucagon | Inhibit glucolysis, Stimulate gluconeogenesis, stimulate glycogenolysis, stimulate lypolysis |
| Secreation of somatostatin is stimulated by | Glucose, Arginine, GI hormones |
| What receptor does somatostatin bind to inhibit insulin secretion | SSTR 5 |
| What receptor does somatostatin bind to inhibit glucagon (and GH) | SSTR 2 |
| What are the effects of somatostatin | Slows gastric emptying, Decreases gastric secretions, Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion (and GH) |
Created by:
mhaynes
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