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Cognitive Evolution

midterm

QuestionAnswer
Exaptation Restricting of a phenotype that was originally intended for one purpose but reprogrammed for a different purpose/function
Hippocampus Spatial organization-most mammals consolidation of long term memories memorization of spatial locations
Hox genes old genes that control function
Ancestral characteristics inherited from a common ancestor
derived characteristics found in the general interests of the taxon
encephalization amount of brain mass related to an animals total body mass
differential reproduction difference in offsprings more characteristics go into the next generation
Theory of mind ability to imagine what another individual is thinking
Wernicke's area Brodmann's 22, 40, 39, 41, 42 language comprehension posterior superior gyrus
fusiform gyrus inferior temporal lobes shapes recognition, salient shapes, symmetry, faces connections in recognition and the amygdala
Intraparietal Sulcus Topographically organized for subitization and magnitude comparison
cerebellum control of fine motor movements to higher level cognitive processes such as rule-band decision making and creativity
Occipital Lobes Posterior of brain; main center for visual processing; Brodmann's area 17, 18, 19
Parietal Lobes Somatosensary processing to a sense of numbers, sense of self, episodic memory, egocentric memory, prospective memory, higher level of abstraction
Temporal Lobe Hearing and selective listening
Angular Gyrus Brodmann's area 39; aspect of mathematics
Corpus Callosum Separates the right and left hemisphere of the brain, and its a
Forebrains and olfaction neocortex Forebrains of mammals highly influenced by olfaction neocortex, olfaction helps to categories things in the environment through smell
Lunate Sulcus boundary between parental lobe and occipital lobe lesser reliance of vision
Macroevolution Evolution on a bigger scale thousands of generations; Mechanisms on directional selection, specialization, speciation, adaptive radiation
Brains and movement brains evolve to improve movement
Broca's area Brodmann's area: 47, 45, 44; Guidance of hand movement for grasping and manipulating objects speech production and comprehension
Arcuate Fasciculus Connections between Broca's and Wernicke's Area
Emergent Properties Higher cortical process to emerge from neural substraites
Mutation Change in the DNA Coding
Genetic drift Any random change in gene or allele frequency
Micro evolution Evolution on a small scale one generation to another
Brain-gut trade off Correlation between brain size and length of gut longer gut-smaller brain, shorter gut- larger brain
Apoptosis Program cell death: Experience determines which cells die
Created by: Almarode
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