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Body System Terms
Week 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| oophorotomy | incision into an ovary |
| orchiectomy | removal of one or both testes |
| orchioplasty | surgical repair of a testis |
| orchiotomy | incision into a testis |
| ovariectomy | excision of one or both ovaries |
| ovariotomy | incision of an ovary |
| uteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
| uteroplasty | surgical repair of the uterus |
| uterotomy | incision of the uterus |
| amenorrhea | absence or abnormal cessation |
| Cesarean section | surgical operation through the abdominal wall and uterus for delivery of the baby |
| colposcopy | examination of the vagina and cervix using an endoscopic instrument |
| dysmenorrhea | difficult or painful menses |
| ectopic pregnancy | development of an impregnated ovum outside the uterus |
| endometriosis | tissue outside the uterus that resembles the inner lining of the uterus |
| hypermenorrhea | prolonged or excessive menorrhea; also sometimes called menorrhagia |
| lactation | the production of milk |
| menopause | permanent cessation of menses |
| menorrhagia | see hypermenorrhea |
| salpingitis | inflammation of the uterine tube |
| orchitis | inflammation of a testis |
| ovarialgia | pain in an ovary |
| ovaritis | inflammation of an ovary |
| obstetrician | a physician who specializes in the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth |
| obstetrics | medical specialty concerned with the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth |
| amniocentesis | extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac |
| mammography | examination of the breast by means of an imaging technique, such as radiography |
| pap test | microscopic examination of cells from a mucosal surface, especially the uterine cervix |
| cervicectomy | excision of the uterine cervix |
| cervicoplasty | surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR the neck |
| cervicotomy | incision of the uterine cervix |
| hysterectomy | surgical removal of the uterus |
| hysteropexy | surgical fixation of the uterus |
| hysteroplasty | surgical repair of the uterus |
| hysterotomy | incision of the uterus |
| oophorectomy | excision of an ovary; overiectomy |
| oophoroplasty | surgical repair of an ovary |
| sperm | the male gamete |
| spermatogenesis | production of sperm |
| testes | the organs that produce and store the male gametes |
| testosterone | androgen prominent in male gamete production |
| urethra | male ductwork that acts as a part of both the male urinary and male reproductive systems |
| uterine cervix | the "neck" located at the lower end of the uterus |
| uterine cycle | part of the reproduction system process in women, comprising three phases |
| uterine tubes | tubes between the ovaries and the uterus |
| uterus | reproductive organ in which the fertilized oocyte is implanted and in which the child develops |
| vas deferends | duct leading out of the epididymis |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix |
| hysteralgia | pain in the uterus |
| hysteropathy | any disease of the uterus |
| oophoritis | inflammation of an ovary |
| orchialgia | pain in the testes |
| orchiopathy | any disease of the testes |
| mitosis | process of cell division by which one cell becomes two, both of which contain the maternal and paternal chromosomes |
| oocytes | the product of oogenesis that become the female gametes |
| oogenesis | production of oocytes |
| ovulation | release of the female gamete that occurs during the proliferative stage of the uterine cycle |
| ovum | the female gamete |
| para | a woman who has given birth |
| progesterone | hormone produced in the ovaries |
| progestins | female hormones generated in the ovaries and required for oogenesis |
| proliferative | adjectival form of proliferation; term signifying one part of the uterine life |
| prostate gland | male gland that produces and stores prostatic fluid |
| prostatic fluid | product of the prostate gland |
| reproductive tract | in the male reproductive system, the ductwork leading from the epididymus to the outside of the body |
| secretory | adjectival form of secrete; part of the uterine cycle |
| semen | combination of the male gametes, their associated glandular secretions, and prostatic fluid |
| diploid cell | cell containing both the maternal and paternal chromosomes |
| ductus deferens | duct leading out of the epididymis |
| embryo | name change from zygote after the first cell division and until the eight week of pregnancy |
| epididymis | organ in which the male sperm become functional |
| fallopian | tubes between the ovaries and the uterus |
| fertilization | the joining of the male and female gametes |
| fetus | name change from embryo after the eight week of pregnancy to birth |
| gamete | term given to both the female ovum and the male spermatozoon |
| gestation | development that occurs between the formation of the zygote and birth of the child |
| gonad | gamete-generating organ |
| gravida | a pregnant woman |
| haploid cell | cell containing only one set of chromosomes, those of either the potential father or the potential mother |
| meiosis | cell division that produces cells with only one set of chromosomes, those of either the potential father or the potential mother |
| menses | end of one uterine cycle and the beginning of another |
| menstrual cycle | part of the reproductive system process in women |
| amniotic sac | fluid-filled sac that surrounds the fetus inside the uterus |
| androgens | hormones that promote the production of male gametes |
| cervix | common term for the uterine cervix |
| chromosome | a gene-bearing bundle of DNA found in the nucleus of all cells |
| aminocentesis | extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac |
| cervicectomy | excision of the uterine cervix |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the uterine cervix |
| cervicoplasty | surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR neck |
| cervicotomy | incision of the uterine cervix |
| Addison disease | a disorder characterized by a failure of the adrenal glands to produce hydrocortisone and in some cases aldosterone |
| Cushing syndrome | a hormonal disorder caused by too much hydrocortisone |
| Graves disease | a common form of hyperthyroidism resulting from over production of thyroxine; caused by a false immune system response |
| hydrocortisone | an adrenal gland hormone secretion |
| hyperpituitarism | excessive hormone secretion by the pituitary gland |
| hyperthyroidism | condition caused by an overactive thyroid; usually caused by an immune system disorder known as Grave's disease |
| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| hypopituitarism | condition of diminished hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland |
| pituitarism | any pituitary dysfunction |
| thyroaplasia | congenital condition characterized by low thyroid output |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| endocrinologist | medical specialist in endocrinology |
| endrocrinology | medical specialty of the endocrine system |
| adenectomy | excision of a gland |
| adentomy | incision of a gland |
| adrenalectomy | surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands |
| hypophysectomy | surgical removal of hypophysis |
| parathyroidectomy | surgical excision of the parathyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland |
| thyroparathyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| thyrotomy | surgery performed on the thyroid gland |
| somatotropin | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to signal the liver to secrete somatomedin, which stimulates growth |
| suprarenal glands | another name for the adrenal glands |
| thyroid gland | one of the four glands belonging solely to the endocrine system |
| thyrotropin | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| throxine | a secretion of the thyroid gland |
| triiodothyronine | another secretion of the thyroid gland, which is often synthesized from thyroxine by bodily organs |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenohypophysitis | inflammation of the hypophysis |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of an adrenal gland |
| adrenalopathy | any disease of the adrenal glands |
| adrenomegaly | enlargement of the adrenal glands |
| diabetes insipidus | condition brought about by the posterior pituitary's failure to produce enough ADH |
| diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2 | condition brought about by insufficient production of insulin in the pancrease or the failure of teh body's cells to absorb glucose |
| goiter | chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
| gonadotropin | interstitial cell-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth in the male |
| gonadotropin | luteinizing hormone; stimulates ovulation |
| hypophysis | synonym for pituitary gland |
| lipid derivatives | one of the three chemical classes of hormones |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone | hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland |
| melatonin | hormone secreted by the pineal gland |
| neurohypophysis | synonym for posterior pituitary gland |
| noradrenaline | synonym for norepinephrine; produced in smaller amounts than adreanaline; has strong vasoconstrictive effects |
| norepinephrine | synonym for noradrenaline |
| oxytocin | hormone secreted by te posterior pituitary gland |
| parathyroid gland | secretes parathyroid hormone, which slows the loss of calcium from bone |
| peptide hormones | one of the three chemical classes of hormones |
| parathyroid hormone | a hormone that slows calcium loss from bones |
| pineal gland | glad that secretes melatonin, an antioxidant that is otherwise not well understood |
| pituitary gland | synonym for hypophysis |
| prolactin | a secretion of the anterior pituitary gland |
| adenogenous | originating in a gland |
| adenohypophysis | the anterior pituitary gland |
| adrenal glands | glads, located one at the top of each kidney |
| adrenaline | synonym for epinephrine, a powerful stimulant capable of producing a range of effects, such as increases in muscular strength and endurance |
| aldosterone | one of the corticosteroids, hormones produced by the adrenal glands |
| amino acid derivatives | one of the three chemical classes of hormones |
| antidiuretic hormone | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water |
| cacitonin | hormone secreted by the thyroid to prevent too much calcium from absorption into the bones |
| corticosteroids | steroid produced by the cortices of the adrenal glands |
| corticotropin | pituitary secretion that stimulates the adrenal glands |
| endocrine | adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions directly into the extracellular fluid |
| epinephrine | synonym for adrenaline, a powerful stimulant capable of producing a range of effects, such as increases in muscular strength and endurance |
| exocrine | adjective describing a gland that delivers its secretions through a duct onto the skin or other epithelial surface |
| gonadotropin | follicle-stimulating hormone; hormone promoting gonadal growth |
Created by:
aparke27
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