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World History: Unit8
Sydney Huynh
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Michelangelo | Italian artist who painted many artworks inside some of the Vatican's churches |
Perspective | The appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer |
Council of Trent | In 1545 when people wanted to change church beliefs and practices they started a movement called Protestantism, the Catholic Church responded by calling the Council of Trent |
Leonardo | Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance |
indulgences | Certificates sold by the church that would cancel a person's sins |
Petrarch | Francesco Petrarch was an Italian poet and scholar who started a movement to reevaluate the literature of ancient Rome. That process of rediscovery led to the Renaissance |
Utopia | An imaginary place considered to be perfect or ideal |
Florence | A city in central Italy on the Arno River; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian renaissance from 14th to 6th centuries |
Diet of Worms | the diet (assembly) at worms when Martin Luther appeared to answer charges of heresy |
Martin Luther | German monk who protested false doctrines of the Roman Church, sparking the Protestant Reformation |
Canonize | to officially declare a person (who has died) a saint |
Shakespeare | English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616) |
Theocracy | A political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided) |
Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642) |
John Calvin | French priest who broke away from the Catholic Church. He believed that God had already chosen who would be saved |
Patron | Someone who supports or champions something |
Gutenburg | German Printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) |
Henry Viii | English monarch who broke from the Catholic church and made himself head of the Church of England |
Humanism | The doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare |
Scientific Revolution | the period beginning in 1600 when thinkers began using experimentation, observation, and mathematicians to understand the workings of nature |
Predestination | (theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the fianl salvation of mankind) |
Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) |
Sect | A subdivision of a larger religious group |
Thomas Moore | A Christian Humanist writer who wrote Utopia |
Vernacular | The everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language) |
Descartes | French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650) |
Machiavelli | He wrote the Prince, in which he supported absolute power for rulers |
Charles V | Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperor during Protestant Reformation |
Ghetto | The quarter of many European cities in which Jews are required to live |
Catholic Reformation | The time period where the Catholic Church had to respond to intense criticism |
Geneva | City which became known as "Protestant Rome" |
Newton | English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727) |
Humanities | Studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills) |