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Red Module
Endocrine Reverse Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diabetes mellitus | a common pancreatic disorder involving insulin secretion into the blood, either in too much or too little quantities |
| dwarfism | a condition of being abnormally small; may be hereditary or an endocrine dysfunction |
| polyphagia | a condition of eating abnormally large amounts of food |
| cortisol | a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| glycosuria | abnormal amount of glucose in the urine |
| thyrotoxicosis | abnormal condition of poisoning of the thyroid gland |
| hypervolemia | abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body |
| gigantism | abnormal overgrowth of the entire body caused by hypersecretion of pituitary growth hormone before puberty |
| hypocalcemia | abnormally low amount of calcium in the blood |
| antagonistic | acting in opposition; mutually opposing |
| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) | administration of radioactive iodine in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up iodine from the blood |
| epinephrine | adrenaline- produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, fat metabolism for energy, and dilates the bronchial tubes |
| sympathomimetic | agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
| ketoacidosis | an acute stage of diabetes mellitus characterized by hypotension and eventually, coma |
| pancreas | an organ that contains groups of cells called the islets of Langerhans which produce endocrine secretions, such as insulin and glucagon |
| serum glucose tests | blood tests to aid in the diagnosis of insulin deficiency |
| morbid obesity | body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight |
| Addison disease | chronic disorder of the adrenal glands caused by a deficiency of cortical hormones |
| islets of Langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon |
| hypercalcemia | condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal |
| hyperkalemia | condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal |
| thyroid storm | crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis |
| insulin tolerance test (ITT) | diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to determine insulin sensitivity |
| Cushing syndrome | disorder caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive production of steroids |
| transsphenoidal hypophysectomy | endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumour through an incision in the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue |
| obesity | excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight |
| hyperinsulinism | excessive amount of insulin in the blood- insulin shock |
| hyperglycemia | excessive amount of sugar in the blood |
| hirsutism | excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women |
| hypersecretion | excessive secretion |
| parathyroidectomy | excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathroidism |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus gland |
| thyroidectomy | excision of the entire thyroid gland, a part of it, or a single lobe |
| hypokalemia | extreme depletion of potassium in the blood usually lost in diuresis |
| glucogenesis | formation of glucose from glycogen |
| parathyroid glands | four separate glands that are located on the posterior surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland |
| endocrine glands | glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream |
| glucagon | hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose |
| insulin | hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or store it in the liver as glycogen |
| mineralocorticoids | hormones in the adrenal cortex that regulate water and mineral salts in the body |
| somatotropin | human growth hormone found in the anterior pituitary lobe |
| pituitary gland | hypophysis; pea-shaped gland that is located at the base of the brain |
| thyroid scan | images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine |
| computed tomography (CT) | imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays form different angles |
| hyposecretion | inadequate secretion |
| growth hormone replacements | increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults |
| diuresis | increased formation and secretion of urine |
| adrenal medulla | inner section of the adrenal gland which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| atrophy | lack of development |
| thyroid gland | largest gland on the endocrine system. Located in the neck, just below the larynx |
| insulins | lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to gylcogen |
| hyponatremia | lower than normal level of sodium in the blood |
| virilism | masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman |
| exophthalmometry | measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease |
| oral hypoglycemics | medications used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin |
| pinealectomy | method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid |
| electrolyte | mineral salts that carry an electrical charge in solution |
| Graves disease | multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather that an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images |
| norepinephrine | noradrenalin; produced in the adrenal medulla. Increases blood pressure and constricts vessels |
| thyroxine (T4) | one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid. Regulates metabolism and energy levels |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | one of the two major hormones produced, stored and released by the thyroid gland |
| adrenal cortex | outer section of the adrenal gland which secretes steroids |
| pineal gland | pine-cone shaped gland that is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain |
| metabolism | processes in which substances are broken down or built up during chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of eyes due to swelling in tissues; often associated with Graves disease |
| acromegaly | rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumour that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal |
| antidiuretics | reduce or control excretion of urine |
| subtotal thyroidectomy | removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism |
| thyroid supplements | replace or supplement thyroid hormones |
| corticosteroids | replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency |
| glucose tolerance test (GTT) | screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood |
| pheochromocytoma | small chromaffin cell tumour, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood |
| aldosterone | steroid produced in the adrenal cortex. Is essential to life. Maintains sodium and potassium levels |
| glucocorticoids | steroids in the adrenal cortex that influence the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins |
| glycogen | substance in which carbohydrates are stored in the liver for future conversion into sugar |
| adrenalectomy | surgical excision of an adrenal gland |
| thyroidectomy | surgical excision of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid function test (TFT) | test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function |
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours |
| total calcium test | test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders |
| endocrinology | the study of ductless glands, their secretions, and their function of homeostasis |
| hypoglycemia | too little sugar in the blood |
| panhypopituitarism | total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity |
| antithyroids | treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone |
| oral antidiabetics | treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin |
| adenoma | tumour of a gland |
| insulinoma | tumour of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas |
| adrenal glands | two bean-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys which secrete steroid and sex hormones |
| thyroid echogram | ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland |
| hypogonadism | underdevelopment of internal secretions of male sex glands |
| antiduiretic hormone | vasopressin; promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys |
| thyrotoxic | thyroid poisoning |
Created by:
spencertasha
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