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Body System Terms
Week 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| myocardium | the heart muscle, which includes nerves and blood vessels |
| pericardial | adjective form of pericardium |
| pericardial cavity | the subcavity of the thoracic cavity in which the heart is enclosed |
| pericardial sac | another lining of the pericardium closes to the heart |
| pericardium | serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | valve connecting the right ventricle and the lungs |
| right atrioventricular valve | valve connecting the right atrium to the right ventricle |
| septa | tin wall that separates cavities or masses; in the heart, septa separate the right atrium from the left atrium and the right ventricle from the left ventricle |
| troponin | a protein that is release into the bloodstream when a heart attack occurs |
| ventricle | two of the four heart chambers, composed of the right ventricle and left ventricle |
| arrhythmia | abnormal rhythm; irregular heartbeat |
| atriomegaly | enlargement of an atrium |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat |
| cardiac arrest | cessation of heart activity |
| cardiodynia | heart pain |
| cardiomalacia | softening of the heart |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| cardiopathy | any heart disease |
| cardiorrhexis | rupture in the wall of the heart |
| carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium |
| tachycardia | abnormally rapid heartbeat |
| vavulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| cardiogram | a graphic trace of heart functions |
| myocardiograph | a machine to electrically measure heart functions |
| ventriculoscopy | looking at heart ventricles with an endoscope |
| cardiologist | heart specialist |
| cardiology | medical specialty dealing with the heart |
| atrioseptoplasty | surgical repair of an atrial septum |
| cardiomyoplasty | surgical procedure that involves engaging the latissimus dorsi muscle to stimulate the heart |
| cardiorrhaphy | suturing of the wall of the heart |
| cardiotomy | incision into the HEART or incision into the cardia of the STOMACH |
| pericardiorrhaphy | suturing of the pericardium |
| pericardiotomy | incision into the pericardium |
| vavoplasty | surgical repair of a heart valve |
| valvotomy | surgical removal of a blocked heart valve (stenosis of a heart valve) by cutting into it |
| ventriculoplasty | surgical repair of a heart ventricle |
| atrial | adjectival form of atrium |
| cardiac | relating to the heart |
| cardiogenic | adjective describing something originating in the heart |
| ventricular | adjectival form of ventricle |
| albumins | one of the three main blood plasma proteins; globulins and fibrinogens are the other two |
| antibodies | also called immunoglobulins; a common blood protein |
| aorta | the main trunk of the systemic arterial system |
| arteries | the largest of the blood vessels |
| arterioles | the smallest arteries that connect with the capillaries |
| azygos vein | a vein that connects the brachiocephalic veins with the superior vena cava |
| brachiocephalic trunk | one of three major conducting arteries branching from the aortic arch |
| brachiocephalic veins | vein connecting the azygos vein to veins of the head, neck, shoulder, and arms |
| capillaries | the smallest of the blood vessels |
| cholesterol | a fat-soluble steroid alcohol found in animal tissues and in food; consists of both HDL and LDL varieties |
| conducting arteries | the largest of the arteries and nearest the heart |
| digital veins | veins in the fingers and toes |
| elastic arteries | another term for conducting arteries |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells; abbreviated RBC |
| femoral veins | veins in the legs |
| fibrinogens | one of the three main blood plasma proteins; globulins and albumins are the other two. |
| formed elements | phrase used to refer collectively to the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood |
| globulins | one of the three main blood plasma proteins; albumins and fibrinogens are the other two |
| gonadal veins | veins in the reproductive system |
| great cerebral vein | vein of the cranium |
| hemoglobin | the protein that gives blood its red color; abbreviated Hb |
| hepatic veins | veins that drain the liver |
| immunoglobulins | also called antibodies; a common blood protein |
| inferior vena cava | large vein that collects blood from the smaller veins of the lower body |
| internal jugular vein | a vein in the neck that runs alongside the common carotid artery |
| left common carotid artery | one of three major conducting arteries branching from the aortic arch |
| left subclavian artery | one of three major conducting arteries branching from the arotic arch |
| leukocytes | white blood cells; abbreviated WBC |
| lipoproteins | a common blood protein |
| lumbar veins | veins in the lower back |
| muscular arteries | medium-size arteries that connect the conducting arteries and teh arterioles |
| plasma | as differentiated from its non-medical context, the yellow fluid that makes up a bit more than half of whole blood by volume |
| platelets | smallest of the formed elements; important in the coagulation process |
| renal veins | veins in the kidneys |
| right common carotid artery | one of two conducting arteries attached to the brachiocephalic trunk |
| right subclavian artery | one of two conducting arteries attached to the brachiocephalic trunk |
| superior vena cava | large vein that collects blood from the smaller veins of the upper body |
| tibial veins | veins in the legs |
| venae cavae | the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, taken together |
| veins | the blood vessels that return blood from the tissues to the heart |
| vertebral veins | veins flowing from the upper spinal area into the brachiocephalic veins |
| aneurysm | a localized dilation of an artery, cardiac chamber, or other vessel |
| angiitis | inflammation of a vessel |
| angiopathy | any disease of blood vessels |
| angiospasm | spasm in blood vessels |
| angiostenosis | narrowing of a blood vessel |
| arteriolitis | inflammation of an arteriole |
| arteriopathy | any disease of the arteries |
| arteriorrhexis | rupture of an artery |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| arteriospasm | spasm of an artery |
| arteriostenosis | narrowing of an artery |
| arteritis | inflammation of an artery or arteries |
| hemolysis | change or destruction of red blood cells |
| hemopathy | any disease of the blood |
| hemophilia | congenital disorder affecting the coagulation process |
| hemorrhage | discharge of blood |
| hemorrhagic fever | category of diseases that include a number of viral diseases, one of which is Ebola fever. |
| vasculitis | inflammation of a vessel |
| vasculopathy | any disease of blood vessles |
| vasocontriction | narrowing of the arteries |
| vasodilation | the widening of the arteries |
| vasoparalysis | paralysis of blood vessels |
| vasoparesis | similar to but less severe than vasoparalysis |
| vasospasm | spasm in blood vessels |
| angiogram | printed record obtained through angiography |
| angiography | radiography of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium |
| angioplasty | surgical repair of a blood vessel |
| angiorrhaphy | suturing of a vessel |
| angiotomy | incision of a blood vessel |
| arterioplasty | surgical repair of an artery |
| arteriorrhaphy | suturing of an artery |
| arteriotomy | incision of an artery |
| angiogenic | originating in a blood vessel |
| angioid | resembling blood vessels |
| angina pectoris | pain in the chest |
| arteriovenous | adjectival form of "arteries and veins" |
| atherosclerosis | the most common form of arteriosclerosis |
| basophil | a white blood cell with granules that stain with basic dyes |
| eosinophil | a white blood cell that stains with certain dyes |
| hemolytic | adjective form of hemolysis |
| lymphocyte | a white blood cell formed in lymphatic tissue |
| monocyte | a relatively large white blood cell |
| neutrophil | a mature white blood cell normally constituting more than half of the total number of leukocytes |
| phagocyte | a white blood cell capable of ingesting bacteria and other foreign matter |
| vascular | adjectival form of vessel |
| venous | adjectival form of vein |
| alveoli | small cavities in which oxygen is removed from the air delivered by the bronchioles |
| apex | word used to describe the upper tip of each lung |
| base | word used to describe the bottom of each lung |
| bronchi | tubes branching off from the trachea and into the lungs |
| bronchiole | very small branches of bronchi that extend into the lungs |
| diaphragm | muscular partition at the base of the thoracic cavity |
| epiglottis | a mucous membrane-covered, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage at the root of the tongue |
| larynx | vocal cords, voice box |
| nasal | adjective referring to the nose |
| pharynx | passageway just below the nasal cavity and mouth |
| phrenic | adjective referring to the diaphragm; synonymous with diaphragmatic |
| pulmonary | adjective frequently used to modify another term in or associated with the lungs |
| trachea | windpipe |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| asthma | a lung disease characterized by reversible inflammation and constriction |
| bronchial pneumonia | inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes |
| bronchioloites | inflammation of the bronchioles |
| bronchiostenosis | narrowing of the bronchial tubes |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes |
| bronchiomalacia | degeneration or softening of the bronchi |
| bronchopneumonia | inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes |
| bronchorrhea | excessive mucus production by a bonchus |
| bronchospasm | abnormal contraction of bronchi |
| bronchostenosis | chronic narrowing of a bronchus |
| dyspna | difficult breathing |
| emphysema | condition in which the alveoli are inefficient because of distension |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngospasm | involuntary contraction of the larynx |
| laryngostenosis | a narrowing of the larynx |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pharyngocele | a hernia or diverticulum in the pharynx |
| pharyngoplegia | paralysis of pharynx |
| pharynogospasm | involuntary contraction of the pharynx |
| pharyngostenosis | narrowing of the pharynx |
| phrenalgia | pain in the diaphragm |
| pneumolith | calculus in a lung |
| pneumonia | inflammation of a lung caused by infection, chemical inhalation, or trauma |
| rhinalgia | pain in the nose |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the inner lining of the nasal cavity |
| rhinalgia | pain in the nose |
| rhinitis | inflammation of te inner lining of the nasal cavity |
| rhinodynia | rhinalgia; pain in the nose |
| rhinopathy | any disease of the nose |
| rhinorrhea | discharge from the rhinal mucous membrane |
| rhinostenosis | narrowing or obstruction occurring in the nasal passages |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the respiratory sinuses |
| tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea |
| tracheomalacia | softening of tracheal tissue |
| tracheomegaly | abnormal dilation of the trachea |
| tracheorrhagia | hemorrhage of the trachea |
| tracheostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the trachea |
| angiogram | printed record obtained through angiography |
| bronchoscope | a device for visually inspecting the interior of a bronchus |
| bronchoscopy | inspection using a bronchoscope |
| laryngoscope | instrument with a light at the tip to aid in visual inspection of the larynx |
| laryngoscopy | visual inspection of the larynx with the aid of laryngoscope |
| pharyngoscope | instrument with a light at the tip to aid in the visual inspection of the pharynx |
| pharyngoscopy | visual inspection of the pharynx with aid of pharyngoscope |
| rhinoscope | a small mirror with a thin handle; used in rhinoscopy |
| rhinoscopy | visual inspection of the nasal areas |
| bronchoplasty | surgical repair of a bronchus |
| bronchorrhaphy | suturing of a bronchus |
| bronchotomy | incision into a bronchus |
| laryngectomy | excision of the larynx |
| laryngoplasty | surgical repair of the larynx |
| laryngotomy | incision into the larynx |
| pharyngoplasty | surgical repair of the pharynx |
| pharyngotomy | surgical incision into the pharynx |
| pneumonectomy | removal of pulmonary lobes from a lung |
| pneumonopexy | surgical fixation of a lung |
| pneumonorrhaphy | suturing of a lung |
| pneumonotomy | incision into a lung |
| rhinoplasty | surgery performed on the nose |
| rhinotomy | surgical incision into the nose |
| sinusotomy | incision into the sinus |
| tracheoplasty | surgical repair of the trachea |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea for the purpose of restoring airflow to the lungs |
| laryngology | branch of medical study concerned with the larynx and diagnosis and treatment of its diseases |
| rhinologist | one who specializes in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal conditions of the nose |
| rhinology | branch of medical study concerned with the nose and diagnosis and treatment of its diseases |
| atelectasis | reduction or absence of air in part or all of a lung, resulting in loss of lung volume |
| pertussis | an acute infectious inflammation of the larnyx, trachea, and bronchi caused by Bordetella pertussis |
| tuberculosis | disease caused by presence of Mycobacterium turberculosis, most commonly affecting the lungs |
| antibody | a molecule generated in specific opposition to an antigen |
| antigen | substance that induces sensitivity or an immune response in teh form of antibodies |
| autoimmunity | literally, immune to oneself |
| B cell | lymphocytes that work with T cells to fight off infection |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| lymph | fluid that flows through the lymphatic system; adjective synonymous with lymphatic |
| lymph duct | another term for lymph vessel |
| lymph gland | a large lymph node |
| lymph node | structures of variable size that contain macrophages that filter out disease-causing antigens and other debris as the lymph flows through |
| lymph vessel | vessel (or duct)within the lymphatic system |
| lymphatic system | collectively, the vessels, nodes, and capillaries that carry the lymph and its disease-fighting cells to the areas in which they are needed |
| lymphocyte | white blood cell in the lymphatic system |
| macrophage | large phagocyte |
| microphage | small phagocyte |
| NK cell | type of lymphocyte; natural killer |
| perforin | protein that NK cells use to kill invading cells |
| phagocyte | white blood cells that clear away pathogens and debris |
| right lymphatic duct | large lymph vessel |
| spleen | immune system organ that gets rid of damaged red blood cells and reclaims and stores iron |
| T cell | cells that make up about 80% of lymphocytes; the T denotes their work with the thymus |
| thoracic duct | large lymph vessel located in the chest area |
| thymosin | hormone secreted by the thymus that helps create T cells |
| thyum | immune system gland located behind the sternum |
| tonsil | collection of lymph tissue; in common understanding, the lingual, pharyngeal, and (especially) the palatine tonsils |
| immunodeficiency | impairment of the immune system |
| lymphadenopathy | chronic or excessively swollen lymph nodes; any disease of the lymph nodes |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation of a lymph node or nodes |
| lymphangitis | inflammation of lymph vessels |
| lymphatitis | inflammation of the lymph vessels or nodes |
| lymphoma | tumor of lymph tissue |
| lymphopathy | disease f the lymph vessels or nodes |
| splenitis | inflammation of the spleen |
| splenomalacia | softening of the spleen |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| splenopathy | any disease of the spleen |
| splenorrhagia | hemorrhage from a ruptured spleen |
| thymitis | infalmmation of the thymus |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of a tonsil |
| lymphangiography | radiography of the lymph vessels |
| immunologist | a medical practitioner specializing in the immune system |
| immunology | the medical specialty dealing with the immune system |
| lymphadenectomy | excision of lymph nodes |
| lymphgiectomy | excision of a lymph vessel |
| lymphangioplasty | surgical repair of lymph vessels |
| lymphangiotomy | incision of lymph vessels |
| splenectomy | excision of the spleen |
| splenorrhaphy | suture of a ruptured spleen |
| splenotomy | incision of the spleen |
| thymectomy | excision of the thymus |
| tonsillectomy | excision of a tonsil |
| tonsillotomy | incision of a tonsil |
| allergen | an allergy-producing substance |
| immunosuppressant | something that interferes with the immune system |
| inflammation | redness and irritation caused by injury or abnormal stimulation by a physical, chemical, or biologic agent |
| pathogen | substance that produces disease |
| phagocytosis | process of white blood cells clearing away pathogens and debris |
| reaction | an action of an antibody on a specific antigen; also, in reference to immune responses, an abnormal or unwanted reaction |
| toxin | a poisonous substance |
Created by:
aparke27
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