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PHS Test 1 Units 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ancient Times (4000-3000BC) | Illness/disease caused by supernatural spirits and demons |
| Ancient Egyptians (3000-300BC) | Earliest people to maintain health records |
| Ancient Egyptians (3000-300BC) | Mummified corpses showed signs of arthritis, kidney stones and arteriosclerosis |
| Ancient Chinese (1200BC-220AD) | Treat whole body by cursing spirits and nourishing the body; recorded herbal medications; used acupuncture to treat pain |
| Ancient Greeks | Illness was result of natural causes; believed in disease prevention; studied effects of disease and the human body |
| Hippocrates | "Father of Medicine" |
| Hippocrates | Organized disease by signs and symptoms |
| Hippocrates | Created high standards of ethics used by physicians (Hippocratic Oath) |
| Sign | Objective patient observation |
| Symptom | Subjective patient observation |
| Sign | Fever |
| Symptom | Pain |
| Sign | Swollen ankle |
| Symptom | Nausea |
| Ancient Romans | Established hospitals (for injured soldiers) |
| Ancient Romans | Developed public sanitation systems (aqueducts for clean water, sewers for waste) |
| Dark Ages (400-800 AD) | Emphasis on saving soul and study of medicine prohibited |
| Middle Ages (800-1400 AD) | Bubonic plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia |
| Arab physician Rhazes | Began using animal gut for suture material |
| Renaissance (1350-1650AD) | The rebirth of science & medicine; dissection of the human body began |
| Leonardo DaVinci | Studied corpses and drew the human body more realistically |
| Printing Press | Allowed knowledge to be spread |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Invented the microscope |
| Ambroise Pare | Father of modern Surgery |
| William Harvey | Described circulation of blood to/from the heart |
| Ambroise Pare | Used ligatures to bind arteries to stop bleeding |
| Gabriel Fahrenheit | Invented 1st mercury thermometer |
| Benjamin Franklin | Invented bifocals |
| Benjamin Franklin | 1Discovered colds could be passed from person to person |
| Edward Jenner | Developed smallpox vaccination |
| Rene Laennec | Invented the stethoscope |
| Florence Nightingale | Founder of modern nursing |
| Florence Nightingale | Start nursing schools |
| Robert Koch | Father of microbiology; developed way to grow bacteria on culture plates |
| Ignaz Semmelweiss | Encouraged hand-washing |
| Gregory Mendel | Established principles of heredity (traits can be passed from parents to children) |
| Louis Pasteur | Discovered that microorganisms cause disease and how to kill them (pasteurization of milk) |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | Discovered x-rays |
| Joseph Lister | First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery |
| Sigmund Freud | Formed the basis for psychiatry and psychology |
| Clara Barton | Founded the American Red Cross |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin |
| Jonas Salk | Discovered polio vaccination |
| Crick and Watson | Described DNA structure |
| Cost containment | Control costs while achieving maximum benefits |
| Telemedicine | Using video, audio and computer systems to provide medical services |
| Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) | Classifying patients with certain disease in one payment group |
| DRG | Diagnostic Related Group |
| Hopsital | Provides INPATIENT care. |
| Hospitals are classified by funding; list the four funding types. | 1) Proprietary/for profit 2) nonprofit 3) government 4) Religious |
| Hospitals are classified by services; list the two service types. | 1) General 2) Specialty |
| Long-term healthcare facility | Provides care for elderly, people with physical or mental disabilities and people with chronic or long-term illness. |
| Nursing home | For live-in patients who no longer can care for themselves |
| Emergency Care | Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness (risk of losing life, limb or eye sight) |
| Medical Offices | Provide diagnosis, treatment, examination, basic laboratory testing & minor surgery; usually operated by a group of group of physicans |
| Dental Offices | Provide dental exams, cleaning and treatments for a variety of disorders |
| Clinics | Provide a variety of OUTPATIENT services |
| Optical Centers | Provide vision exams; prescribe eye glasses or contact lenses |
| Medical Labs | where diagnostic test are processed (usually blood or urine specimens) |
| Dental Labs | where implants, dentures and other corrective devices for the mouth are made |
| Home Health Care | Provide care to patients who are terminally ill |
| Palliative Care | Comfort care for the terminally ill |
| Mental Health | Provide care of patients who have mental illness and disorders |
| List 4 types of Mental Health Services | 1) Counseling 2) Psychiatric 3) Chemical abuse 4) Phsycial abuse |
| Genetic Counseling Centers | Provide testing & counseling to individuals or couples who are pregnant or considering pregnancy |
| Rehabilitation | Provide services to help patients with physical or mental disabilities develop maximum ability for self-care |
| List 3 examples of rehabilitative therapy | 1) Physical therapy 2) Occupational therapy 3) Speech therapy |
| Industrial Health Centers | Onsite clinic within a large industry or employer that provides basic exams, accident/illness prevention and wellness programs |
| School Health Services | Provide health screenings, health education, and emergency care to students and staff, along with recommendations for a safe/sanitary school environment |
| Local Health Departments | provide immunizations, inspections for health and sanitation, statistics and records, health education or clinics |
| Associate's Degree | awarded by vocational/technical school or community college; requires completion of prescribed two-year course of study |
| Bachelor's Degree | Awarded by college or university; requires completion of prescribed course of study that usually lasts for four or more years |
| Master's Degree | Awarded by a college or university; requires completion of one ore more years beyond a bachelor's degree |
| Doctorate Degree | Awarded by college or university; requires completion of two or more years beyond a bachelor's or master's degree; some require four to six years of additional study |
| Purpose of certification, Registration & Licensure | to ensure skill and competency of healthcare workers and to protect patients |
| Certification | issued if person fulfills requirements of education and performance and meets standards and qualifications established (not REQUIRED to work in that career field) |
| Registration | REQUIRED of some careers; professional/state agencies administer examinations and maintain a current list (the "registry") of qualified individuals |
| Licensure | Authorizes individuals to work in an occupation; Person required to 1) complete approved education program, 2) pass a STATE board exam, and 3) Maintain certain standards (CEC) |
| Aide/Assistant | Up to one year of training (classroom and on-the-job training); examples: Dental assistant, nursing aide |
| Purpose of an Accrediting Agency is? | Ensures that a program of study meets established quality competency standards |
| Purpose of Continuing Education Credits (CEC)is? | Required to renew licenses, and maintain registration/certificaiton |
| Technician | Associate's degree, or on-the-job training; examples: dental laboratory technician, surgical technician |
| Technologist | 3-4 years of college (bachelor's degree), plus work experience; examples: Occupational Therapist, Respiratory Therapist |
| Professional | 4 years of college (bachelor's) and an advanced degree; examples: dentist, physician, nurse |
| Therapeutic Services Cluster/Pathway | Maintain or change the health status of the patient over time; examples: nurse, physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist |
| Diagnostic Services Cluster/Pathway | Create a picture of patient health at a single point and time; examples: Electroencephalographic technologist, medical laboratory technician, radiologic technician |
| Health Informatics Cluster/Pathway | Provide functions that support and document patient care; examples: admitting clerk, epidemiologist, medical librarian |
| Support Services Cluster/Pathway | Provide a therapeutic environment for the delivery of health care; examples: central supply worker, housekeeper |
| Biotechnology Research & Development Cluster/Pathway (Environmental) | uses scientific and technical advancements to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in health care; examples: biomedical engineer, forensic scientist |
| Purpose of the National Health Care Skill Standards (NHCSS) is | Developed to indicate knowledge and skills expected of health care workers in a specific cluster/pathway |
| Preventing Illness | Most effective cost containment strategy; prevent illnesses from occurring. |
| Outpatient Services | Cost containment strategy; provide as much patient care in the clinics (outpatients) vs. in hospitals (inpatients) that spend a night) |
| Mass/Bulk Purchasing | Cost containment strategy that purchases things in large quantity to save money |
| Combination of services | Cost containment strategy that saves money by offering similar services in on location (eg: pharmacy, radiology or labs) |
| Athletic Trainer | Prevent, recognize, manage, & rehabilitate injuries that result from physical activity |
| Massage Therapist | Apply manual techniques to manipulate soft tissue |
| Occupational Therapist | Work with people who are having difficulty participating in their daily living and working environments due to mental, physical, developmental or emotional disabilities |
| Physical Therapist | Work with patients to help them regain their physical strength |
| Recreational Therapist | Provide activities and recreational opportunities to people with disabilities and illnesses |
| Respiratory Therapist | Treat patients who have difficulty breathing because of heart-lung problems |
| Speech Language Pathologist | Evaluate and treat patients with speech, hearing, language and swallowing problems |
| Audiologist | Help people with hearing and balance disorders. |
| Chiropractic Care | Complementary medicine that focuses on mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal systems |
| Phlembotomist | Draw blood samples by puncture of the veins |
| Dental Hygienist | clean teeth, apply fluorides and sealants to teeth and conduct X-rays |
| Oral Surgeon | Surgery of the mouth and jaw |
| Orthodontics | correction of teeth placement and facial structures |
| Periodontics | Treat the gums and supporting structures |
| Health Information Administrator | Plan, develop, organize, manage and direct the medical information system for healthcare facilities |
| Social Worker | Work with individual or groups with problems such as poverty, illness, substance abuse or child, spouse or elder abuse. |
| Certified Nurses Aide (CNA) | Basic nursing skills; earned with 15 -22 weeks of training and are certified. |
| Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) | help care for ill or injured people and perform health maintenance duties under the direction of physicians, dentists and registered nurses; 1 year of training with a certification |
| Registered Nurse (RN) | observe patients to assess symptoms, reactions to treatment, and progress. Manage CNAs and LVNs; must have an associates or bachelors and be certified. |
| Pharmacist | dispense medications prescribed by physicians, dentists, and other authorized medical practitioners |
| Electrocardiographic (EKG) Technician | operate noninvasive equipment which prints graphic tracings of electrical impulses transmitted by the heart |
| What career pathway/cluster is a Healthcare Administrator? | Health Informatics |
| What pathway/cluster is an Electrocardiographic (EKG) technician? | Diagnostic |
| Optometrist | Vision care - exam, diagnosis, treat and manage eye diseases. |
Created by:
vorachekt
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