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MT Test 1 Review
MT Test 1 Review (Ch 1-3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -algia | pain and suffering |
| dys- | difficult, painful or bad |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| hyper- | over, above or increased |
| hypo- | below, under or decreased |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -osis | a disease or abnormal condition |
| -otomy | a surgical incision |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhage/-rrhagia | sudden abnormal or excessive flow |
| -rrhaphy | to suture or stitch |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arthr/o | joint |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | large or enlargement |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| my/o | muscle |
| -necrosis | tissue death |
| neur/o | nerve |
| -ology | study of |
| -pathy | disease |
| -stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| -ostomy | creation of an artificial opening to the body surface |
| diff Dx | differential diagnosis |
| Inflam | Inflammation |
| Aden/o | gland |
| Anter/o | front or before |
| Caud/o | tail or lower part of the body |
| Carcin/o | cancerous |
| Cephal/o | head |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Hist/o | tissue |
| Path/o (-pathy) | disease |
| Poster/o | back or toward the back |
| Ventr/o | belly side of the body |
| -oma | tumor |
| -plasia | formation |
| A- | without |
| Ana- | excessive |
| Epi- | above |
| Genetic Disorders | pathologic conditions caused by absent or defective genes |
| Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | condition in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with abnormally thick mucus |
| Hemophilia (hemo) | bleeding disorder |
| Huntington’s Disease | condition characterized by nerve degeneration |
| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | condition characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | condition characterized by a missing essential digestive enzyme that can lead to severe mental retardation if left undectected/untreated |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | fatal condition in which harmful quantities of fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain |
| Aplasia | the defective development or congenital absence of an organ/tissue |
| Hypoplasia | incomplete development of an organ/tissue |
| Anaplasia | change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other |
| Dysplasia | abnormal development of tissues/cells |
| Hyperplasia | abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in a tissue |
| Hypertrophy | general increase in the bulk of a body part/organ due to an increase in size of cells in the tissues |
| Endemic | ongoing presence of a disease within a population (Ex: the common cold) |
| Epidemic | sudden/widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area (Ex: measles) |
| Pandemic | outbreak of disease occurring over a large geographic area or worldwide (Ex: AIDS) |
| Functional disease | symptoms for which no physiological/anatomical cause can be identified (Ex: irritable bowel syndrome) |
| Iatrogenic illness | unfavorable response to medical treatment (Ex: side effects from medication) |
| Idiopathic disease | illness without known cause (Ex: Crohn’s disease) |
| Infectious disease | caused by living pathogenic organisms (Ex: flu) |
| Nosocomial Infection | infection acquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
| Organic Disirder | caused by detectable physical changes in the body (Ex: Diabetes) |
| Congenital Disorder | abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
| -ologist | specialist |
| Umbilic/o | umbilicus (belly button) |
| CD | communicable disease |
| P | physiology or posterior |
| Midsagittal Plane | divides body along the midline into right and left |
| Frontal Plane | divides body into anterior and posterior |
| Transverse Plane | divides body into superior and inferior |
| Histologist | specialist in the structure and composition of tissues |
| Pathologist | specialist in the analysis of tissue samples to establish a diagnosis |
| CF | Cystic Fibrosis |
| PKU | Phenylketonuria |
| Ankyl/o | crooked, stiff, bent |
| Burs/o | bursa (sac of fluid near the joint) |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Kyph/o | hump |
| Lord/o | swayback curve/bent backward |
| Oste/o | bone |
| Por/o | pore (small opening) |
| Scoli/o | curved |
| Spondyl/o | vertebrae (backbone) |
| Synovi/o; Synov/o | synovial membrane (membrane that lubricates the joints) |
| -lysis | loosening / setting free (therapeutic) or breaking down/destruction (diseased condition) |
| Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) | used to treat certain types of cancers (leukemia |
| Allogenic BMT | uses healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor |
| Autologous BMT | the patient receives his own marrow cells that have been previously harvested |
| Hallux valgus | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (bunion) |
| Luxation | total dislocation of a bone from its joint |
| Subluxation | partial displacement of a bone from its joint |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | joint inflammation caused by the body’s immune system attacking its own joint tissues |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | bone/joint inflammation caused by “wear-and-tear” of cartilage at the joints |
| Spondylosis | “wear-and-tear” of the cartilage of the vertebrae |
| Lumbago | pain in the lumbar region of the spine (may be caused by anything) |
| Spina Bifida | congenital defect where the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord |
| Kyphosis | abnormal increase of the outward curvature of the spine (humpback) |
| Lordosis | abnormal increase of the forward curvature (swayback) |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (sideways) |
| Comminuted fracture (Fx) | bone is splintered/crushed into pieces |
| Greenstick fracture (Fx) | bone is bent/partially broken (usually in children) |
| Open fracture (Fx) | bone is broken out to the surface of the skin |
| Spiral fracture (Fx) | bone is broken by a twisting motion (usually in sports injuries) |
| Stress fracture (Fx) | small crack in the bone from overuse or chronic/excessive impact |
| Arthrodesis | surgical fixation (fusion) of a joint (to stiffen the joint due to severe deformities) |
| Arthrolysis | surgical loosening of a (stiffened) joint |
| Arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint (may also be an artificial joint replacement) |
| Bursectomy | surgical removal of bursa |
| Chondroplasty | surgical repair of (damaged) cartilage |
| Synovectomy | surgical removal of synovial membrane from a joint |
| Ostectomy | surgical removal of bone |
| Osteoplasty | surgical repair of bone/bones |
| Osteorrhaphy | surgical suturing (wiring together) of bones |
| Osteotomy | surgical incision or sectioning of bone |
| Bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| Chondromalacia | abnormal softening of cartilage |
| Chondroma | benign tumor in cartilage |
| Costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum |
| Synovitis | inflammation of the synovial membrane |
| Ostealgia | bone pain |
| Osteitis | inflammation of bone |
| Osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bones in adults (caused by Vitamin D deficiency) |
| Osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| Osteonecrosis | death of bone tissue (due to insufficient blood supply) |
| Myeloma | cancer found in bone marrow |
| Osteochondroma | benign bony projection covered with cartilage |
| Osteoporosis (OP) | abnormal condition of porous bone (loss of bone density) |
| Chiropractor | specializes in spinal manipulation to treat various disorders |
| Orthopedic surgeon | specializes in diseases/disorders involving the bones |
| Osteopath | uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to spinal manipulation |
| Arthrosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a joint |
| Ankylosis | stiff; abnormal condition (loss of joint mobility) |
| Myeloma | tumor found in bone marrow |
| Osteochondroma | benign tumor of bone and cartilage (cartilage-capped bony growth) |
| BMT | Bone Marrow Transplant |
| Fx | Fracture |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| OP | Osteoporosis |
| Brady- | slow |
| Tachy- | fast |
| -cele | hernia |
| -desis | bind/tie together; surgical suturing |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -ia | condition |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -al | pertaining to |
| CFS | Chronic Fatigue Syndrome |
| prog | prognosis |
| A | anterior |
| ADL | Activities of Daily Living |
| RT | Related To |
| caudal | towards the lower part of the body |
| cephalic | towards the head |
| anterior | situated in the front (opposite of posterior) |
| posterior | situated in the back (opposite of anterior) |
| dorsal | refers to the back of the organ or body |
| ventral | refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body |
| cranial cavity | surrounds and protects the brain |
| spinal cavity | surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
| thoracic cavity | surrounds and protects the heart and lungs |
| abdominal cavity | contains primarily the major organs of digestion |
| pelvic cavity | contains primarily the organs of teh reproductive and excretory systems |
| rt & lt hypochondriac region | on right and left side of body and covered by the ribs |
| rt & lt lumbar region | located on the left and right sides near teh inward curve of the spine. The part between ribs and pelvis. |
| rt & lt iliac region | right and left sides over the hip bones |
| epigastric region | above the stomach |
| umbilical | center; middle of the stomach (belly button) |
| hypogastric region | below the stomach |
| sign | objective evidence of a disease |
| symptom | patient reported (subjective) evidence of diease |
| laceration | torn/jagged wound |
| lesion | change of the tissues due to disease or injury |
| palpation | examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size and location of certain body parts |
| palpitation | pounding or racing of the heart |
| diagnosis (Dx) | the identification of disease |
| prognosis (prog) | the prediction or probable course/outcome of a disease |
| infection | invasion of the body by pathogens |
| inflammation (inflam) | localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues |
| chronic illness | illness that has a long duration and rarely cured |
| acute illness | illness that has a quick onset and/or lasts for a short duration |
| remission | temporary/partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of disease without achieving a cure |
Created by:
vorachekt
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