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med term wk 4
Medical Terminology a living language
Question | Answer |
---|---|
How many bones are in the skeletal system? | 206 |
What is the internal framework of the body called? | skeleton |
Which two primary structures make up the skeletal system? | bones, joints |
ankyl/o | stiff joint |
arthr/o | joint |
articul/o | joint |
burs/o | sack |
carp/o | wrist |
cervic/o | neck |
chondr/o | cartilage |
clavicul/o | clacicle |
coccyg/o | coccyx |
cortic/o | outer portion |
cost/o | rib |
crani/o | skull |
femor/o | femur |
fibul/o | fibula |
humer/o | humerus |
ili/o | ilium |
ischi/o | ischium |
kyph/o | hump |
lamin/o | lamina, part of vertebra |
lord/o | bent backwards |
lumb/o | low back, loin |
mandibul/o | mandible |
maxill/o | maxilla |
medull/o | inner portion |
metacarp/o | metacarpals |
metatars/o | metatarsals |
myel/o | bone marrow, spinal chord |
orth/o | straight |
oste/o | bone |
patell/o | patella |
ped/o | child, foot |
pelv/o | pelvis |
phalang/o | phalanges |
pod/o | foot |
prosthet/o | addition |
pub/o | pubis |
radi/o | radius, ray (x-ray) |
sacr/o | sacrum |
sarc/o | flesh |
scapul/o | scapula |
scoli/o | crooked, bent |
spin/o | spine |
spondyl/o | vertebrae |
stern/o | sternum |
synovi/o | synovial membrane |
synov/o | synovial membrane |
tars/o | ankle |
thorac/o | chest |
tibi/o | tibia |
uln/o | ulna |
vertebr/o | Vertebra |
-blast | immature, embryonic |
-clasia | to surgically break |
-desis | stabalize, fuse |
-listhesis | slipping |
-porosis | porous |
what two functions do bones have? | protecting the organs and storing minerals |
where are blood cells produced? | bone marrow |
the space where two bones meet | joint |
what holds two bones together? | ligaments |
the skeleton joints and muscles work together to produce | movement |
what is another word for bones? | osseous tissue |
what is the process of forming bones called? | ossification |
The fetal skeleton is formed from a _____ model | cartilage |
after cartilage is formed but before osteocytes are formed what makes up the skeleton? | osteoblasts |
what are adult bones called? | osteocytes |
what type of bone are the femur and humerus? | long bones |
what type of bone are the carpals and tarsals? | short bones |
what type of bones are the vertebrae? | irregular bones |
what type of bones are the scapulae, sternum and pelvis? | flat bones |
what is the central shaft in a long bone called? | diaphysis |
what are the wider parts at the ends of a long bone called? | epiphysis |
what is the layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis called? | articular cartilage |
what is the name of the thin connective tissue membrane covering the bone? | periosteum |
what is the dense hard exterior of the bone called? | cortical or compact bone |
what is the spongy bone found inside of a bone? | cancellous or spongy bone |
what do the spaces in cancellous bone contain? | red bone marrow |
which part of the bone manufactures most of the red blood cells? | red bone marrow |
what is the name of the canal in the center of the diaphysis? | medullary cavity |
what kind of bone marrow can be found in the medullary cavity in adulthood? | yellow bone marrow |
what does yellow bone marrow primarily consist of? | fat cells |
where does the term diaphysis come from and what does it mean? | Greek, to grow between |
a projection of the ulna called the olecranon is more commonly referred to as? | funny bone |
what is a process? | a bony projection |
what would a large smooth ball shaped end on a long bone called? | head |
what is the part that separates the shaft of a bone from the head? | neck |
what is the smooth rounded end of a bone called? | condyle |
what is the projection on or above the condyle called? | epicondyle |
What would you call the large rough process meant for the attachment of a muscle? | trochanter/tuberosity |
what would you call the small rough process meant for the attachment of muscles and tendons? | tubercle |
what5 would you call a hollow cavity within a bone? | sinus |
what would you call a smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessles? | foramen |
what would you call a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone? | fossa |
fissure | slit type opening |
head neck spine chest and trunk of the body are part of which skeletal division? | axial skeleton |
what is the name of the u shaped bone suspended in the neck between the mandible and the larynx? | hyoid bone |
What is the frontal bone and how many are there? | the forehead, 1 |
what is the parietal bone and how many are there? | the upper sides of the cranium and roof of the skull, 2 |
what is the occipital bone and how many are there? | back and base of the skull, 1 |
what is thew temporal bone and how many are there? | sides and base of the cranium, 2 |
what is the sphenoid bone and how many are there? | bat-shaped bone that forms the base of the skull, floor, and sides of the eye orbit, 1 |
what is the ethmoid bone and how many are there? | forms part of the eye orbit, nose and floor of the cranium, 1 |
what is the lacrimal bone and how many are there? | the inner corner of each eye, 2 |
what is the nasal bone and how many are there? | form part of the septum and support the bridge of the nose, 2 |
what is the maxilla and how many are there? | upper jaw, 1 |
what is the mandible and how many are there? | lower jawbone, only moveable bone of the skull, 1 |
what is the zygomatic bone and how many are there? | cheekbones, 2 |
what is the vomer bone and how many are there? | base of the nasal septum, 1 |
what is the palatine bone and how many are there? | hard palate roof of the oral cavity and floor of the nasal cavity, 1 |
what three parts does the trunk of the body consist of? | vertebral column, sternum and ribcage |
what is another name for the vertebral column? | spinal column |
what are the five sections of the trunk? | cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx |
what is the name of the disk found in between vertebrae? | intervertebral disc |
what is an intervertebral disc made of? | fibrocartilage |
how many pairs of ribs in the rib cage are attached to the vertebral column? | 12 |
how many ribs in the rib cage are attached to the sternum? | 10 |
what are the lowest two pairs of ribs called? | floating ribs |
what are the cervical vertebrae and how many are there? | vertebrae in the neck region, 7 |
what is the thoracic vertebrae and how many are there? | vertebrae in the chest region with ribs attached, 12 |
what are lumbar vertebrae and how many are there? | vertebrae in the small of the back about waist level, 5 |
what are the sacrum vertebrae and how many are there? | Five vertebrae that become fused into one triangular shaped flat bone at the base of the vertebral column, 1 |
what are the coccyx and how many are there? | three to five very small vertebrae attached to the sacrum that often become fused, 1 |
what 4 regions make up the appendicular skeleton? | pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle and lower extremities |
what is the function of the axial skeleton? | to protect the organs |
what is the function of the appendicular skeleton | responsible for movement |
which bones make up the pectoral girdle? | clavicle and scapula |
what are the bones of the upper extremities? | humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
what is the clavicle and how many are there? | collar bone, 2 |
what is the scapula and how many are there? | shoulder blade, 2 |
what is the humerus and how many are there? | upper arm bone,2 |
what is the radius and how many are there | forearm bone, thumb side of lower arm, 2 |
what is the ulna and how many are there? | forearm bone on the little finger side of the lower arm, 2 |
what are the carpals and how many are there? | bones of the wrist, 16 |
what are the metacarpals and how many are there? | 10 |
what are the phalanges and how many are there? | finger bones, three in each finger and two in each thumb, 28 |
what are three other names for the pelvic girdle? | os coxae/ innonimate bone/ hipbone |
what parts are included in the pelvic girdle? | ilium, ischium, pubis |
what are the bones found in the lower extremities? | femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges |
what is the femur and how many are there? | upper leg bone, thigh bone, 2 |
what is the patella and how many are there? | kneecap, 2 |
what is the tibia and how many are there? | shin bone, thicker lower leg bone, 2 |
what is the fibula and how many are there? | thinner long bone in lateral side of the lower leg, 2 |
what are the tarsals and how many are there? | ancle and heel bones, 14 |
what are the metatarsals and how many are there? | forefoot bones, 10 |
how many phalanges are in the feet? | 28 |
what is an articulation? | a spot where two or more bones meet to form a joint |
what are the three types of joints? | synovial joints, cartilaginous joints, fibrous joints |
what type of movement does a synovial joint allow? | free moving |
what lines a joint capsule? | synovial membrane |
what encases a synovial joint? | joint capsule |
what fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane and what is it's purpose? | synovial fluid lubricates joints |
what is a bursa? | a saclike structure composed of connective tissue and lined with synovial membrane |
what type of movement does a fibrous joint allow? | almost no movement |
what type of movement do cartilaginous joints allow? | slight movement |
cutane/o | skin |
eryth/o | red |
path/o | disease |
-centesis | to puncture to withdraw fluid |
-genic | producing |
-iatry | medical treatment |
-ectomy | surgical removal |
-stenosis | narrowing |
cast | applicant of a solid material to immobalize an extremity or portion of the body |
fixation | includes casts splints ect, the process of stabalizing a fractured bone |
reduction | correcting a fracture by realigning thew bone fragments |
traction | applying a pulling force on a fractured or dislocated limb in order to restore normal allignment |
AE | above elbow |
AK | above knee |
BDT | bone density testing |
BE | below elbow |
BK | below knee |
BMD | bone mineral density |
C1, C2 ect | cervical vertebrae |
Ca | calcium |
DJD | degenerative joint disease |
DXA | dual-energy absorpitometry |
FX, Fx | fracture |
HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus |
JRA | juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
L1, L2 ect | lumbar vertebrae |
LE | lower extremity |
LLE | left lower extremity |
LUE | left upper extremity |
NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflamitory drug |
OA | ostheoarthritis |
ORIF | open reduction-internal fixation |
Orth, ortho | orthopedics |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
RLE | right lower extremity |
RUE | right upper extremity |
SLE | systemic lupus erythromatosus |
T1, T2, ect | thoracic vertebrae |
THA | total hip arthroplasty |
THR | total hip replacement |
TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
TKR | total knee replacement |
UE | upper extremity |
What is the defenition of a muscle? | A bundle, sheet, or ring of tissue that produces movemen by contracting and pulling on the structure to which they are attached. |
what are the primary structures of the muscular system? | muscles |
duct/o | to bring |
extens/o | to stretch out |
fasci/o | fibrous band |
fibr/o | fibers |
flex/o | to bend |
kinesi/o | movement |
muscul/o | muscle |
my/o | muscle |
myocardi/o | heart muscle |
myos/o | muscle |
plant/o | sole of foot |
rotat/o | to revolve |
ten/o | tendon |
tend/o | tendon |
tendin/o | tendon |
vers/o | to turn |
-asthenia | weakness |
-ion | action, condition |
-kinesia | movement |
-tonia | tone |
ab- | away from |
ad- | toweards |
circum- | around |
e- | outward, without |
in- | inward, without |
what are the three types of muscle? | cardiac, smooth, skeletal |
muscles that are under your control are called____muscles eg. bicept | voluntary |
muscles you are not able to control are called _____muscles eg. heart | involuntary |
another name for a skeletal muscle | striated muscle |
what would you call layers of fibrous connective tissue? | fascia |
what would you call the tapered end of a fascia? | tendon |
what stimulates muscles to contract or relax? | motor neurons |
what would you call the point in which the nerve contacts a muscle fiber? | myoneural junction |
what is another name for smooth muscle? | visceral muscle |
what is the rectus abdominis? | abdominal muscle |
what would you call the muscle located along the sternumand clavicle? | sternocleoidomastoid |
in muscle attatchment the spot in which a muscle is connected to the less moveable bone is called the | origin |
in muscle attachment the spot in which a muscle is connected to the more moveable bone is called the | insertion |
what is the function of an antagonistic pair? | to produce opposite actions |
what would you call the type of movement a muscle produces? | action |
what would you call a movement away from the midline of the body? | abduction |
what would you call a movement towards the midline of the body? | adduction |
what would you call the act of bending or being bent? | flexion |
what would you call the straightening out of a limb? | extension |
what is the term for backwards bending as of the hand or foot? | dorsiflexion |
what would you call the bending of the sole of the foot; pointing toes downward? | plantar flexion |
what would you call outward turning? | eversion |
what would you call inward turning? | inversion |
what would you call downward facing as with the hand? | pronation |
what would you call upward facing as with the hand? | supination |
what would the medical term for an action such as shrugging the shoulders be? | elevation |
what would a downward motion such as slouching the shoulders be called? | depression |
what would movement in a circular direction from a central point be called? | circumduction |
what would you call the ability to move the thumb away from the palm and to touch the fingers with the thumb | opposition |
what would you call the motion of moving around a central axis? | rotation |
adhesion | scar tissue forming on the fascia surrounding a muscle |
atonia | poor muscle development (muscle wasting) |
bradykinesia | having slow movement |
contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle fibers |
dyskinesia | having difficult or painful movement |
dystonia | having abnormal muscle tone |
hyperkinesia | having an excessive amount of movement |
hypertonia | having excessive muscle tone |
hypertrophy | having an increase in muscle bulk resulting from lifting weights |
hypokinesia | insufficient movement |
hypotonia | having insufficient muscle tone |
intermittent claudication | attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of the muscles |
mylagia | muscle pain |
myasthenia | muscle weakness |
myotonia | muscle tone |
spasm | sudde, involuntary, strong muscle contraction |
tenodynia | tendon pain |
fasciitis | inflamation of the fascia |
fibromyalgia | condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue |
lateral epicondylitis | inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyl of the elbow. |
muscular dystrophy | inherited disease causing a progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy |
myopathy | a general term for muscle disease |
myorrhexis | tearing a muscle |
polymyositis | the simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles |
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | muscular dystrophy in which the muscles look large because they are replaced by fatty tissue |
torticollis | severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side |
carpal tunnel syndrome | repetitive motion dissorder with pain caused by compression of the finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through the carpal tunnel of the wrist |
ganglion cyst | cyst that forms on the tendon sheath |
repetetive motion dissorder | group of chronic dissorders brought on by repetetive motions |
strain | dammage to the muscle tendons or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching |
tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
deep tendon reflexes (DTR) | muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by the striking of a reflex hammer |
electromyogram | the hardcopy record produced by electromyography |
electromyography | study and record of the strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation |
muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for pathalogical examination |
CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
CPK | creatine posphokinase |
DTR | deep tendon reflex |
EMG | electromyogram |
IM | intramuscular |
MD | muscular dystrophy |