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med term wk 4
Medical Terminology a living language
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the skeletal system? | 206 |
| What is the internal framework of the body called? | skeleton |
| Which two primary structures make up the skeletal system? | bones, joints |
| ankyl/o | stiff joint |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | sack |
| carp/o | wrist |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| clavicul/o | clacicle |
| coccyg/o | coccyx |
| cortic/o | outer portion |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| femor/o | femur |
| fibul/o | fibula |
| humer/o | humerus |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lamin/o | lamina, part of vertebra |
| lord/o | bent backwards |
| lumb/o | low back, loin |
| mandibul/o | mandible |
| maxill/o | maxilla |
| medull/o | inner portion |
| metacarp/o | metacarpals |
| metatars/o | metatarsals |
| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal chord |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | patella |
| ped/o | child, foot |
| pelv/o | pelvis |
| phalang/o | phalanges |
| pod/o | foot |
| prosthet/o | addition |
| pub/o | pubis |
| radi/o | radius, ray (x-ray) |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| scapul/o | scapula |
| scoli/o | crooked, bent |
| spin/o | spine |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae |
| stern/o | sternum |
| synovi/o | synovial membrane |
| synov/o | synovial membrane |
| tars/o | ankle |
| thorac/o | chest |
| tibi/o | tibia |
| uln/o | ulna |
| vertebr/o | Vertebra |
| -blast | immature, embryonic |
| -clasia | to surgically break |
| -desis | stabalize, fuse |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -porosis | porous |
| what two functions do bones have? | protecting the organs and storing minerals |
| where are blood cells produced? | bone marrow |
| the space where two bones meet | joint |
| what holds two bones together? | ligaments |
| the skeleton joints and muscles work together to produce | movement |
| what is another word for bones? | osseous tissue |
| what is the process of forming bones called? | ossification |
| The fetal skeleton is formed from a _____ model | cartilage |
| after cartilage is formed but before osteocytes are formed what makes up the skeleton? | osteoblasts |
| what are adult bones called? | osteocytes |
| what type of bone are the femur and humerus? | long bones |
| what type of bone are the carpals and tarsals? | short bones |
| what type of bones are the vertebrae? | irregular bones |
| what type of bones are the scapulae, sternum and pelvis? | flat bones |
| what is the central shaft in a long bone called? | diaphysis |
| what are the wider parts at the ends of a long bone called? | epiphysis |
| what is the layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis called? | articular cartilage |
| what is the name of the thin connective tissue membrane covering the bone? | periosteum |
| what is the dense hard exterior of the bone called? | cortical or compact bone |
| what is the spongy bone found inside of a bone? | cancellous or spongy bone |
| what do the spaces in cancellous bone contain? | red bone marrow |
| which part of the bone manufactures most of the red blood cells? | red bone marrow |
| what is the name of the canal in the center of the diaphysis? | medullary cavity |
| what kind of bone marrow can be found in the medullary cavity in adulthood? | yellow bone marrow |
| what does yellow bone marrow primarily consist of? | fat cells |
| where does the term diaphysis come from and what does it mean? | Greek, to grow between |
| a projection of the ulna called the olecranon is more commonly referred to as? | funny bone |
| what is a process? | a bony projection |
| what would a large smooth ball shaped end on a long bone called? | head |
| what is the part that separates the shaft of a bone from the head? | neck |
| what is the smooth rounded end of a bone called? | condyle |
| what is the projection on or above the condyle called? | epicondyle |
| What would you call the large rough process meant for the attachment of a muscle? | trochanter/tuberosity |
| what would you call the small rough process meant for the attachment of muscles and tendons? | tubercle |
| what5 would you call a hollow cavity within a bone? | sinus |
| what would you call a smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessles? | foramen |
| what would you call a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone? | fossa |
| fissure | slit type opening |
| head neck spine chest and trunk of the body are part of which skeletal division? | axial skeleton |
| what is the name of the u shaped bone suspended in the neck between the mandible and the larynx? | hyoid bone |
| What is the frontal bone and how many are there? | the forehead, 1 |
| what is the parietal bone and how many are there? | the upper sides of the cranium and roof of the skull, 2 |
| what is the occipital bone and how many are there? | back and base of the skull, 1 |
| what is thew temporal bone and how many are there? | sides and base of the cranium, 2 |
| what is the sphenoid bone and how many are there? | bat-shaped bone that forms the base of the skull, floor, and sides of the eye orbit, 1 |
| what is the ethmoid bone and how many are there? | forms part of the eye orbit, nose and floor of the cranium, 1 |
| what is the lacrimal bone and how many are there? | the inner corner of each eye, 2 |
| what is the nasal bone and how many are there? | form part of the septum and support the bridge of the nose, 2 |
| what is the maxilla and how many are there? | upper jaw, 1 |
| what is the mandible and how many are there? | lower jawbone, only moveable bone of the skull, 1 |
| what is the zygomatic bone and how many are there? | cheekbones, 2 |
| what is the vomer bone and how many are there? | base of the nasal septum, 1 |
| what is the palatine bone and how many are there? | hard palate roof of the oral cavity and floor of the nasal cavity, 1 |
| what three parts does the trunk of the body consist of? | vertebral column, sternum and ribcage |
| what is another name for the vertebral column? | spinal column |
| what are the five sections of the trunk? | cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx |
| what is the name of the disk found in between vertebrae? | intervertebral disc |
| what is an intervertebral disc made of? | fibrocartilage |
| how many pairs of ribs in the rib cage are attached to the vertebral column? | 12 |
| how many ribs in the rib cage are attached to the sternum? | 10 |
| what are the lowest two pairs of ribs called? | floating ribs |
| what are the cervical vertebrae and how many are there? | vertebrae in the neck region, 7 |
| what is the thoracic vertebrae and how many are there? | vertebrae in the chest region with ribs attached, 12 |
| what are lumbar vertebrae and how many are there? | vertebrae in the small of the back about waist level, 5 |
| what are the sacrum vertebrae and how many are there? | Five vertebrae that become fused into one triangular shaped flat bone at the base of the vertebral column, 1 |
| what are the coccyx and how many are there? | three to five very small vertebrae attached to the sacrum that often become fused, 1 |
| what 4 regions make up the appendicular skeleton? | pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle and lower extremities |
| what is the function of the axial skeleton? | to protect the organs |
| what is the function of the appendicular skeleton | responsible for movement |
| which bones make up the pectoral girdle? | clavicle and scapula |
| what are the bones of the upper extremities? | humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
| what is the clavicle and how many are there? | collar bone, 2 |
| what is the scapula and how many are there? | shoulder blade, 2 |
| what is the humerus and how many are there? | upper arm bone,2 |
| what is the radius and how many are there | forearm bone, thumb side of lower arm, 2 |
| what is the ulna and how many are there? | forearm bone on the little finger side of the lower arm, 2 |
| what are the carpals and how many are there? | bones of the wrist, 16 |
| what are the metacarpals and how many are there? | 10 |
| what are the phalanges and how many are there? | finger bones, three in each finger and two in each thumb, 28 |
| what are three other names for the pelvic girdle? | os coxae/ innonimate bone/ hipbone |
| what parts are included in the pelvic girdle? | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| what are the bones found in the lower extremities? | femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges |
| what is the femur and how many are there? | upper leg bone, thigh bone, 2 |
| what is the patella and how many are there? | kneecap, 2 |
| what is the tibia and how many are there? | shin bone, thicker lower leg bone, 2 |
| what is the fibula and how many are there? | thinner long bone in lateral side of the lower leg, 2 |
| what are the tarsals and how many are there? | ancle and heel bones, 14 |
| what are the metatarsals and how many are there? | forefoot bones, 10 |
| how many phalanges are in the feet? | 28 |
| what is an articulation? | a spot where two or more bones meet to form a joint |
| what are the three types of joints? | synovial joints, cartilaginous joints, fibrous joints |
| what type of movement does a synovial joint allow? | free moving |
| what lines a joint capsule? | synovial membrane |
| what encases a synovial joint? | joint capsule |
| what fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane and what is it's purpose? | synovial fluid lubricates joints |
| what is a bursa? | a saclike structure composed of connective tissue and lined with synovial membrane |
| what type of movement does a fibrous joint allow? | almost no movement |
| what type of movement do cartilaginous joints allow? | slight movement |
| cutane/o | skin |
| eryth/o | red |
| path/o | disease |
| -centesis | to puncture to withdraw fluid |
| -genic | producing |
| -iatry | medical treatment |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| cast | applicant of a solid material to immobalize an extremity or portion of the body |
| fixation | includes casts splints ect, the process of stabalizing a fractured bone |
| reduction | correcting a fracture by realigning thew bone fragments |
| traction | applying a pulling force on a fractured or dislocated limb in order to restore normal allignment |
| AE | above elbow |
| AK | above knee |
| BDT | bone density testing |
| BE | below elbow |
| BK | below knee |
| BMD | bone mineral density |
| C1, C2 ect | cervical vertebrae |
| Ca | calcium |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| DXA | dual-energy absorpitometry |
| FX, Fx | fracture |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus |
| JRA | juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
| L1, L2 ect | lumbar vertebrae |
| LE | lower extremity |
| LLE | left lower extremity |
| LUE | left upper extremity |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflamitory drug |
| OA | ostheoarthritis |
| ORIF | open reduction-internal fixation |
| Orth, ortho | orthopedics |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RLE | right lower extremity |
| RUE | right upper extremity |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythromatosus |
| T1, T2, ect | thoracic vertebrae |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | total hip replacement |
| TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
| TKR | total knee replacement |
| UE | upper extremity |
| What is the defenition of a muscle? | A bundle, sheet, or ring of tissue that produces movemen by contracting and pulling on the structure to which they are attached. |
| what are the primary structures of the muscular system? | muscles |
| duct/o | to bring |
| extens/o | to stretch out |
| fasci/o | fibrous band |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| flex/o | to bend |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| plant/o | sole of foot |
| rotat/o | to revolve |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| vers/o | to turn |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -ion | action, condition |
| -kinesia | movement |
| -tonia | tone |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toweards |
| circum- | around |
| e- | outward, without |
| in- | inward, without |
| what are the three types of muscle? | cardiac, smooth, skeletal |
| muscles that are under your control are called____muscles eg. bicept | voluntary |
| muscles you are not able to control are called _____muscles eg. heart | involuntary |
| another name for a skeletal muscle | striated muscle |
| what would you call layers of fibrous connective tissue? | fascia |
| what would you call the tapered end of a fascia? | tendon |
| what stimulates muscles to contract or relax? | motor neurons |
| what would you call the point in which the nerve contacts a muscle fiber? | myoneural junction |
| what is another name for smooth muscle? | visceral muscle |
| what is the rectus abdominis? | abdominal muscle |
| what would you call the muscle located along the sternumand clavicle? | sternocleoidomastoid |
| in muscle attatchment the spot in which a muscle is connected to the less moveable bone is called the | origin |
| in muscle attachment the spot in which a muscle is connected to the more moveable bone is called the | insertion |
| what is the function of an antagonistic pair? | to produce opposite actions |
| what would you call the type of movement a muscle produces? | action |
| what would you call a movement away from the midline of the body? | abduction |
| what would you call a movement towards the midline of the body? | adduction |
| what would you call the act of bending or being bent? | flexion |
| what would you call the straightening out of a limb? | extension |
| what is the term for backwards bending as of the hand or foot? | dorsiflexion |
| what would you call the bending of the sole of the foot; pointing toes downward? | plantar flexion |
| what would you call outward turning? | eversion |
| what would you call inward turning? | inversion |
| what would you call downward facing as with the hand? | pronation |
| what would you call upward facing as with the hand? | supination |
| what would the medical term for an action such as shrugging the shoulders be? | elevation |
| what would a downward motion such as slouching the shoulders be called? | depression |
| what would movement in a circular direction from a central point be called? | circumduction |
| what would you call the ability to move the thumb away from the palm and to touch the fingers with the thumb | opposition |
| what would you call the motion of moving around a central axis? | rotation |
| adhesion | scar tissue forming on the fascia surrounding a muscle |
| atonia | poor muscle development (muscle wasting) |
| bradykinesia | having slow movement |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle fibers |
| dyskinesia | having difficult or painful movement |
| dystonia | having abnormal muscle tone |
| hyperkinesia | having an excessive amount of movement |
| hypertonia | having excessive muscle tone |
| hypertrophy | having an increase in muscle bulk resulting from lifting weights |
| hypokinesia | insufficient movement |
| hypotonia | having insufficient muscle tone |
| intermittent claudication | attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of the muscles |
| mylagia | muscle pain |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| spasm | sudde, involuntary, strong muscle contraction |
| tenodynia | tendon pain |
| fasciitis | inflamation of the fascia |
| fibromyalgia | condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue |
| lateral epicondylitis | inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyl of the elbow. |
| muscular dystrophy | inherited disease causing a progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy |
| myopathy | a general term for muscle disease |
| myorrhexis | tearing a muscle |
| polymyositis | the simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles |
| pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | muscular dystrophy in which the muscles look large because they are replaced by fatty tissue |
| torticollis | severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | repetitive motion dissorder with pain caused by compression of the finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through the carpal tunnel of the wrist |
| ganglion cyst | cyst that forms on the tendon sheath |
| repetetive motion dissorder | group of chronic dissorders brought on by repetetive motions |
| strain | dammage to the muscle tendons or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching |
| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| deep tendon reflexes (DTR) | muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by the striking of a reflex hammer |
| electromyogram | the hardcopy record produced by electromyography |
| electromyography | study and record of the strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation |
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for pathalogical examination |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| CPK | creatine posphokinase |
| DTR | deep tendon reflex |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| IM | intramuscular |
| MD | muscular dystrophy |
Created by:
Megsandbacon
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