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AP Human Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| state | an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government |
| sovereignty | ability of a state to govern its territory |
| microstates | a state that encompasses a very small land area |
| UN | An international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries |
| city state | a sovereign state comprising a city and its immeditely surrounding countryside |
| nation | a large group of people with a common interest/bond |
| nation-state | a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality |
| stateless nation | an ethnic group, religious group, linguistic group or other cohesive group which is not the majority population in any nation state |
| self-determination | concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves |
| multi-ethnic state | state that contains more than one ethnicity |
| colony | territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent |
| colonialism | an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory |
| imperialism | a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force |
| boundary | invisible line that marks the extent of a states territory |
| frontier | zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control |
| physical boundaries | naturally occurring barrier between two areas. Rivers, mountain ranges, oceans, and deserts |
| cultural boundaries | boundaries that mark breaks in the human landscape based on differences in ethnicity |
| geometric boundaries | political boundaries defined and delimited as straight lines or arcs |
| compact state | state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly |
| elongated state | state w a long narrow shape |
| prorupted state | state has a long extension, or an extended arm of territory |
| perforated state | state that completely surrounds another one |
| fragmented state | state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory |
| landlocked state | state surrounded by land w no outlet to the sea |
| democracy | country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office |
| autocracy | country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people |
| anocracy | country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but rather displays a mix of the two types |
| theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god |
| monarchy | a form of government with a monarch at the head |
| arab spring | a series of ant-government protests |
| unitary state | internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials |
| federal state | internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government |
| gerrymandering | process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power |
| balance of power | condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries |
| supernationalism | method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states |
| terrorism | systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting its demands |
| devolution | the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level |
| irredentism | the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related |
Created by:
amberlague
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